Effects Of Pomegranate On Breast Cancer - 839 Words

Effects of Pomegranate on Breast Cancer Faiza Khalid and Khalid Wahid Each person knows about Breast cancer these days, due to the fact that humankind witnesses countless organizations working for this sole purpose diligently every day. Periodically we meet or hear individuals struggling with this devastating category of cancer, which is particularly prevalent in women. According to the recent facts and figures from American Cancer Society about the number of deaths from breast cancer in US in 2013, among all ages, has gone up to 39,620[1]. This portrays a massive number, nevertheless analyzing the mortality trend from 1990-2010, one can grasp the death rate has been decreased to 34% [1]. Consequently, the known reason behind this decline is attributable to the improvements in our health care system in terms of treatment, in conjunction with the early detection of breast cancer. Discussing about the risks of having breast cancer, we all know that there are certain factors which can’t be modified that comprise sex, family history, age, early mena rche, and late menopause; however, there are several factors which can be taken care of for instance abstinence from smoking and alcohol consumption, use of combination oral contraceptives, avoiding obesity, and increase the usage of vegetables and fruits in your diet could prevent a significant proportion of the population from getting this cancer [1]. Nevertheless, when populaces mention the dietary changes that can give anShow MoreRelatedThe Mortality Trend Of Breast Cancer811 Words   |  4 PagesEach person knows about Breast cancer these days, due to the fact that humankind witnesses countless organizations working for this sole purpose diligently every day. Periodically we meet or hear individuals struggling with this devastating category of cancer which is particularly prevalent in women. 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User Adoption Momentum Of E Banking In Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3519 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In the era of globalization and with the increasing competition in all the fields around the world many companies have modified their strategies so they can reach their customers around the world easier and cheaper. However the rapid growth of systems that rely on electronic technology especially those relating to the Internet and personal computer- led to a significant change in the exchanging of products and services. Many  Service organizations have adopted modern technology to reduce costs and enhance customer service quality, delivery, and standardize core service offerings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "User Adoption Momentum Of E Banking In Malaysia" essay for you Create order In addition a lot of non-banking companies entered the banking industry by offering products and financial services, giving the customers a lot of options and alternatives to carry out their banking transactions, this difficulty of the business process in the financial sector forces the banks to develop an alternative technological channel to attract customers and improve their perception. The rapid technological diffusion makes the internet the best way to provide customers with banking services regardless of the limits of time and geography. And thats what makes banks  consider the  internet as an important part of their strategic plans. Internet technology has changed the design and the way of delivering the financial services and as a result the banking industry has made continuous innovations especially in the field of communications and information technology that ultimately led to the emergence of the idea of what is known as the online banking. Bankin g services through the internet is a way to keep the existing customers and attract others to the bank, In this paper we define online banking as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Pikkarainen et al., 2004). Compared to the traditional approach, online banking is an inexpensive straightforward way to conduct banking business, exchange of personalized information and buying and selling goods and services from any place at any time. Despite the many benefits provided by this service to the bank and its customers, it remains a double-edged sword and not used by every customer, because the increasing distance between the bank and customers may lead to lack of confidence and an increasing in security concerns. As a result, the quality of electronic banking services become an important area of attention among the researchers and banks managers due to its strong influence on the business performance, lower costs, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability (Seth et al., 2004). The main objective of this study is to focus on the importance of understanding the customers perception about internet banking by investigating and measuring the impact of selected factors such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), security and privacy (PC) and how they can influence the customer acceptance to conduct banking transactions via the internet, Based on the empirical data collected from individual customers in Bahrain. In the next section we will give some background information about the internet banking sector and review the relevant literature in this area, the following section describes the research methodology, which is then followed by the data analysis and the results from the survey, The paper concludes with a discussion, outlining the implications of the findings and the limitations of the study. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) External variables Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Behavioral intention Actual system use Figure 1: The original Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a perfect model which show how users accept and use a technology. In (TAM) the main determinants of userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance of new technology are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) (Davis, 1989). Although (Chen and Barnes 2007; T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. 2006) found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and security and privacy affect customer adaptation intentions, Qureshi et al., (2008) claimed that Perceived usefulness, security and privacy are the main perusing factors to accept online banking system. Celik (2008) stated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are direct determinants of customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards using internet Banking. Traditional service quality and website features (PU, PEOU and PC) that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking (Yap, K et al. 2010). Aderonke and Charles. (2010) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ customers who are active users of e-Banking system use it because it is convenient, easy to use, time saving and appropriate for their transaction needs. Also the network security and the security of the system in terms of privacy are the major concerns of the users and constitute hindrance to intending users.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Yap, K et al. (2010) claimed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Traditional service quality and website features that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Sadeghi and Hanzaee. (2010) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“According to the model of seven factors on the following dimensions: convenience, accessibility, accuracy, security, usefulness, bank image, and web site design. Some of these factors illustrate a significant statistical difference between males and femal es.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Safeena et al. (2009) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, consumer awareness and perceived risk are the important determinants of online banking adoption. These factors have a strong and positive effect on customers to accept online banking system.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“TAM beliefs and perceived risks (security, privacy, performance and social) have a direct influence on e-banking adoption. Trust appears as a key variable that reduces perceived risk. Involvement plays an important role in increasing perceived ease of use.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Riyadh et al. (2009) stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Seven variables affecting e-banking adoption by SMEs are identified. They are: organizational capabilities, perceived benefits, perceived credibility, perceived regulatory support, ICT industries readiness, lack of financial institutions readiness and institutional influence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? A l-Somali et al. (2009) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ the quality of the Internet connection, the awareness of online banking and its benefits, the social influence and computer self-efficacy have significant effects on the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online banking acceptance. Education, trust and resistance to change also have significant impact on the attitude towards the likelihood of adopting online banking.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008) noted that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude are significantly and positively related to customer adaptation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Hanudin Amin. (2007) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived credibility had a significant relationship with behavioral intention. Further, these measures are good determinant for undergraduate acceptance for internet banking. Results also suggest that PU and PEOU had a significant relationship with computer self-efficacy.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, responsiveness and convenience significantly influence customer interactions with Internet e-banking. In particular, individuals would place a great emphasis on the security of Internet-based financial transactions. As a conventional practice, commercial banks and financial institutions must continuously review security policy and strengthen the security control of Internet e-bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all elements for ten identified factors are significant with respect to the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ adoption of e-banking services. Privacy and security are the major sources of dissatisfaction, which have momentously impacted usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ satisfaction. Meanwhile, accessibility, convenience, design and content are sources of satisfaction. Besides, the speed, produ ct features availability, and reasonable service fees and charges, as well as the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operations management factor are critical to the success of the e-banks. WAP, GPRS and 3G features from mobile devices are of no significance or influence in the adoption of e-banking services in this study. Results also reveal that privacy; security and convenience factors play an important role in determining the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acceptance of e-banking services with respect to different segmentation of age group, education level and income level.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Padachi et al. (2007) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the most significant factor is ease of use and that other important elements featured reluctance to change, trust and relationship in banker, cost of computers, internet accessibility, convenience of use, and security concerns.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007) pointed out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived priv acy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize are the important antecedents to online initial trust. It is also discovered that different levels of trust propensity moderate perceptions toward the web site and online with respect to online initial trust, including perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize. Both online initial trust and familiarity with online purchasing have a positive impact on purchase intention.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. (2006) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ intention of adoption of IB. This study contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? We analyzed the data using Structured Equatio n Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships, if any, among the constructs, which include Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Web Security as independent variables, Perceived Usefulness and Attitude as intervening variables, and Intention to Use as the dependent variable. The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers intention of adoption of IB Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“there was a correlation between respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards e-banking and their comfort level and feeling of security with regard to their age, level of education, and annual salary.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 2.1 Perceived ease of use (PEOU) Safeena et al. (2009), Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008), Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) and Amin. (2007) stated that perceived ease of use have a strong and positive influence on customers intention to adopt and use internet banking. 2.2 Perceived usefulness (PU) Several studies showed that perceived usefulness influence customer interactions with internet banking, which effect the adoption of e-banking services (Sadeghi and Hanzaee. 2010; Safeena et al. 2009; Al-Somali et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N. 2008; Hanudin Amin. 2007, Z Liao and WK Wong.2008 ). 2.3 Perceived credibility (PC) Previous research has shown that security and privacy are the most concern for consumer, which have a direct or indirect influence on e-banking adoption (Aderonke and Charles, 2010; Sadeghi and Hanzaee, 2010; Alda ´s-Manzano et al., 2009; Riyadh et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N., 2008; Z Liao and WK Wong., 2008). Privacy put barriers on using online services (Hernandez and Mazzon, 2007). Moreover, Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) and Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) noted that privacy and security factors play an important role in determining the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acceptance of e-banking services with regard to age, education level and income level. 3.CHALLENGES 4.1 RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESES The model of the study is presented below: Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Perceived credibility Intention to use Electronic Banking The representation of the proposed framework depicted the pattern and structure of relationships between the set of the measured variables. The purpose of the study is to measure correlations among variables and then use it to identify whether any relationships exists between these measured variables or not. We will extended TAM and add PC into the framework to test the effect of these three factors on e-banking adaption. In the extended model of TAM study, like (Safeena et al. 2009; Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009); Hanudin Amin, 2007), the attitudes factor has been neglected to simplify the model. The present study investigated the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility and customer intention to use electronic banking in Bahrain. Here perceived usefulness, per ceived ease of use and perceived credibility, were being considered as independent variables and customer intention to use electronic banking was being considered as a dependent variable. Perceived usefulness According to the Davis (1989) and Davis et al. (1989), perceived usefulness is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Perceived usefulness is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception that using the new technology will enhance or improve her/his performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Davis,1993). In Addition, Laforet and Li, (2005) and Eriksson et al., (2005) defined the term perceived usefulness as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the subjective probability that using the technology would improve the way a user could completeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. We hypothesize that People tend to use an application to the extent they believe it will aid their performance. H1: Perceived us efulness (PU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived ease of use According to Davis (1989) perceived ease of use refers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. The most significant factor on adoption Internet Banking is ease of use. (Padachi et al., 2007). Hence an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. And By applying these to electronic banking context we can hypothesize that: H2: Perceived ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived Credibility Perceived credibility is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the degree to which a user feels the certainty and pleasant consequences of using an electronic application service, when there is no financial risk, physical risk, functional risk, social risk, time-loss risk, opportunity cost risk, and informatio n riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Jacoby and Kaplan (1972). However, (Ganesan,1994) present another definition of PC stating it as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the extent to which one partner believes that the other partner has the required expertise to perform the job effectively and reliably.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? PC is usually impersonal and relies on reputation, information and economic reasoning (Ba and Pavlou,2002). Wang et al. (2003) stated that perceived credibility is consists of two important elements namely privacy and security, which affect directly consumer adaptation of electronic banking systems. Security refers to the protection of information or systems from unauthorized intrusions (Egwali, 2008). For the purpose of this research, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived credibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (PC) is defined as usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ perception of protection of their transaction details and personal data against unauthorized access. Therefore, for studying the effect of perceived credibility on userà ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance in Bahrain electronic banking services, we pose the following hypothesis to determine it effect on userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention H3: perceived credibility has positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. 4. Methodology To assess the factors influencing the intention to use internet banking in Bahrain, a survey was conducted during the last quarter of year 2010. A Questionnaire were designed and distributed to retail users of banking services of different age group and of different educational level attained across the island. Survey Instrument The questionnaire we prepared for this exercise was divided into 2 sections. The first section concentrates on the general profile of the respondent including his/her age group, education level and profession and income group. In the second section we were interested in finding the factors affecting the customer intention to use internet banking in Bahrain. The respondents were provided with a list of 10 questions; 4 questions on perceived usefulness, 2 questions on perceived ease of use, 3 questions on perceived credibility and finally 1 question on intention to use. The participants were asked to indicate their perception on a likert scales (1 - 5) with response ranging from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strongly disagreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strongly agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The collected data were analyzed based on correlation and regression analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17computer program. Data collection The questionnaires were distributed directly among the customers through the researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ friends and relatives, a sample of 400 people was randomly chosen from the Bahraini community, all participants were bank customers selected randomly from universities, malls, Internet cafÃÆ' ©s and businessmen from private and public sectors. Also A digital online form was created using Google Documents in the same questionnaire style, Then the link was shared and publicized to Bahrainià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through email as well as posting it on discussion forums. Once a subject would answer the questionnaire, the raw data will automatically be logged in a spreadsheet which can be only accessed and downloaded by the researcher. Since the questionnaire form was to be submitted online it guaranteed two things: First, it targeted people who really access the internet. Second, because all questions are need to be answered before submitting. The collection of data will be done automatically, efficiently and there wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be any loss of data The questionnaire we prepared and used had been pre-tested initially with a few number of people (5 users) working in different sectors to ensure consistency, clarity and relevance to the Bahraini case, Minor changes (related to the questions content, wording, sequence) were requested by those people, which we implemented before carrying out the final copy. A total of 200 useable responses were obtained yielding a response rate of 50% (200/400). Demographic profile of respondents: variable category Frequency Valid Percentage Age 18 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 25 25 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 35 35 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 45 45 yrs and above Gender Male Female Education Secondary and below Diploma Bachelor High studies Occupation Government sector Private Sector Self-employment Others Monthly Income in BD Less than 500 500-1000 1000 and above Assumptions or Limitations For this research, the following limitation existed in the collection of data, the survey assumed that the respondents have some familiarity with banks and banking transactions and have been exposed to or have knowledge of the existence of e-banking alternatives. For these responses in particular, it was difficult to ensure the true validity of the responses or the identity of the respondent. 5. RESULTS OF THE STUDY 6. DISCUSSION 7. CONCLUSION REFERENCES Aderonke and Charles. (2010). An Empirical Investigation of the Level of Usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Acceptance of E-Banking in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol. 15 (1). Al-Somali, S.A., Gholami, R. and Clegg, B.(2009). An investigation into the acceptance of online banking in Saudi Arabia. Technovation, vol. 29, pp.130-141. Al Nahian Riyadh, Md. Shahriar Akter , Nayeema Islam. (2009). The adoption of e-banking in developing countries: A theoretical model for SMEs. International Review of Business Research Papers, vol. 5 (6), pp.212-230. Ba, S. and Pavlou, P.A (2002). Evidence of the effect of trust building technology in electronic market: price premiums and buyer behavior.MIS Quarterly, vol. 26 (3), pp. 243-68. Celik, H. (2008). What Determines Turkish customers acceptance of internet banking? International Journal of Bank Marketing. Vol. 26 (5): 353-370. Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007), Initial Trust and Online Buyer Behaviour, Industrial Ma nagement Data Systems, 107(1): 21-36. Davis, F. D. (1989), Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology, MIS Quarterly,13 (3): 319-339. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. and Warshaw, P. R. (1989), User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models, Management Science, 35(8): 982-1003. Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,38, 475-487. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1109-1130. Egwali A. O., Customer Perception of Security Indicators in Online Banking Sites in Nigeria, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2008, vol. 13, no.3. Eriksson K, Kerem K, Nilsson D (2005). Customer acceptance of internet banking in Estonia, International Journal of Bank Market, vol. 23 (2), pp. 200-216. Ganesan, S.(1994), Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol.58 (2), pp.1-19 Hanudin Amin (2007). Internet Banking Adoption Among Young Intellectuals. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2007, vol. 12 (3) Jacoby, J., Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research, College Park, MD. Joaquin Alda ´s-Manzano, Carlos Lassala-Navarre, Carla Ruiz-Mafe and Silvia Sanz-Blas. (2009). Key drivers of internet banking services use , Online Information Review, Vol. 33 (4), pp. 672-695. Laforet S, Li X (2005). Consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China. International Journal Bank Market vol. 23 (5), pp. 362-380. Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005). A Study of E-Banking Security Perceptions and Custom er Satisfaction Issues. Nadim Jahangir and Noorjahan Begum. (2008). The role of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude to engender customer adaptation in the context of electronic banking. African Journal of Business Management, vol.2 (1), pp. 032-040. Padachi, Rojid, Seetanah.(2007). Analyzing the Factors that Influence the Adoption of Internet Banking in Mauritius. Patrick, T. (2002). Corporate Privacy Credibility Crumbles. Computer world, March, 4(10). Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karijaluoto, H. and Pahnila, S. (2004), Customer acceptance of on-line banking: an extension of the technology acceptance model, Internet Research, vol. 14(3), pp. 224-235 Qureshi, T.M., Zafar, M.K and Khan, M.B. (2008). Customer Acceptance of Online Banking in Developing Economies. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, Vol. 13 (1). Safeena, Abdullah and Hema. ( 2010). Customer Perspectives on E-business Value: Case Stud y on Internet Banking. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol. 15 (1). Seth, N., S.G. Deshmukh and P. Vrat, 2004. Service quality models: A review, International Journal Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 22(9), pp. 36-51. T.C. Edwin Cheng, David Y.C. Lam and Andy C.L. Yeung. (2006) Adoption of internet banking: An empirical study in Hong Kong. Decision Support Systems, vol. 42 (3), pp 1558-1572 Tooraj Sadeghi and Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee. (2010). Customer satisfaction factors (CSFs) with online banking services in an Islamic country I.R. Iran. Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 1 (3), pp. 249-267 Wai-Ching Poon . (2008). Usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ adoption of e-banking services. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 23 (1), pp. 59-69 Wang, Y., Lin, H., Tang, T. (2003). Determinants of user acceptance of internet banking: an empirical study. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(5), 501-519 Yap, K., D. Wong, C. Loh, and R. Bak (2010). Offline and online banking where to draw the line when building trust in e-banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(1), p.27-46 Z Liao and WK Wong. ( 2008). The determinants of customer interactions with internet-enabled e-banking services. Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 59 (9).

History of Mexican Independence Day September 16

Mexico celebrates its independence every September 16 with parades, festivals, feasts, parties and more. Mexican flags are everywhere and the main plaza in Mexico City is packed. But what’s the history behind the date of September 16? Prelude to Independence Long before 1810, Mexicans had begun to chafe under Spanish rule. Spain kept a stranglehold on her colonies, only permitting them limited trade opportunities and generally appointing Spaniards (as opposed to native-born Creoles) to important colonial posts. To the north, the United States had won its independence decades before, and many Mexicans felt they could, too. In 1808, Creole patriots saw their chance when Napoleon invaded Spain and imprisoned Ferdinand VII. This allowed Mexican and South American rebels to set up their own governments and yet claim loyalty to the imprisoned Spanish King. Conspiracies In Mexico, the creoles decided the time had come for independence. It was a dangerous business, however. There might have been chaos in Spain, but the mother country still controlled the colonies. In 1809-1810 there were several conspiracies, most of which were found out and the conspirators harshly punished. In Querà ©taro, an organized conspiracy including several prominent citizens was preparing to make its move at the end of 1810. The leaders included parish priest Father Miguel Hidalgo, Royal army officer Ignacio Allende , government official Miguel Dominguez, cavalry captain Juan Aldama and others. The date of October 2 was selected for the insurrection against Spain to begin. El Grito de Dolores In early September, however, the conspiracy began to unravel. The plot had been found out and one by one the conspirators were being rounded up by colonial officials. On September 15, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo heard the bad news: the jig was up and the Spanish were coming for him. On the morning of the 16th, Hidalgo took to the pulpit in the town of Dolores and made a shocking announcement: he was taking up arms against the tyrannies of the Spanish government and his parishioners were all invited to join him. This famous speech became known as El Grito de Dolores  or the Cry of Dolores. Within hours Hidalgo had an army: a large, unruly, poorly armed but resolute mob. March to Mexico City Hidalgo, assisted by military man Ignacio Allende, led his army towards Mexico City. Along the way, they laid siege to the town of Guanajuato and fought off the Spanish defense at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. By November he was at the gates of the city itself, with an angry army large enough to take it. Yet Hidalgo inexplicably retreated, perhaps turned aside by fears of a large Spanish army coming to reinforce the city. Fall of Hidalgo In January 1811, Hidalgo and Allende were routed at the Battle of Calderon Bridge by a much smaller but better-trained Spanish army. Forced to flee, the rebel leaders, along with some others, were soon captured. Allende and Hidalgo were both put to death in June and July of 1811. The peasant army had disbanded and it looked as if Spain had reasserted control over its unruly colony. Independence is Won One of Hidalgo’s captains, Josà © Marà ­a Morelos, took up the banner of independence and fought until his own capture and execution in 1815. He was in turn succeeded by his lieutenant, Vicente Guerrero,  and rebel leader Guadalupe Victoria, who fought for six more years. Finally, in 1821, they reached an agreement with turncoat royal officer Agustà ­n de Iturbide which allowed for Mexico’s definitive liberation in September of that year. Independence Celebrations September 16 is one of Mexicos most important holidays. Every year, local mayors and politicians re-enact the famous Grito de Dolores. In Mexico City, thousands congregate in the Zà ³calo, or main square, on the night of the 15th to hear the President ring the same bell that Hidalgo did and recite the Grito de Dolores. The crowd roars, cheers and chants, and fireworks light up the sky. On the 16th, every city and town all over Mexico celebrates with parades, dances, and other civic festivals. Most Mexicans celebrate by hanging flags all over their home and spending time with family. A feast is usually involved. If the food can be made red, white and green (like the Mexican Flag) all the better! Mexicans that live abroad bring their celebrations with them. In US cities with large Mexican populations, such as Houston or Los Angeles, there are parties and celebrations—youll probably need a reservation to eat at any popular Mexican restaurant that day! Some people mistakenly believe that Cinco de Mayo, or May Fifth, is Mexicos independence day. Thats not correct.  Cinco de Mayo actually celebrates the unlikely Mexican victory over the French at the Battle of Puebla in 1862. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence. 1st Edition, Harry N. Abrams, September 1, 2000. Lynch, John. The Spanish American revolutions, 1808-1826. Revolutions in the modern world, Hardcover, Norton, 1973.

Sin and Redemption of Scarlet Letter Essay - 1146 Words

Sin and Redemption: The Transformations of Prynne, Chillingsworth, and Dimmesdale In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Hawthorne presents the consequences of sin as an important aspect in the lives of Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingsworth, and Arthur Dimmesdale. The sin committed, adultery, between Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale had resulted in the birth of their innocent little girl, Pearl. This sin ruined the three main characters’ lives completely in different ways. With the sin committed, there were different ways the characters reacted to it: embracing the sin, concealing the sin, and becoming obsessed and consumed with it. With each reaction to the sin there were also different actions of redemption. The sin of adultery and the power to†¦show more content†¦The letter went from a â€Å"badge of shame as an adulterer to a â€Å"symbol of her calling† as being able to help others in need (111). All of her hard work and determination allowed her to succeed and the townspeople embraced her and spoke good words of her, saying she was â€Å"so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, [and] so comfortable to the afflicted† (111). Though she committed adultery and went through a great deal of public humiliation, she did not let it destroy her. Instead she embraced her sin and was able to redeem herself through hard work and determination. The sin of hypocrisy and secrecy is represented through the character, Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale, the minister of the town, got a married woman pregnant and concealed the fact that he did from the rest of the townspeople for many years. In the beginning of the novel, the townspeople viewed Dimmesdale’s â€Å"eloquence and religious fervor† as bringing a positive innocent man to the town (46). Though he portrays an outwardly goodness about him, he truly is mendacious on the inside. His guilty conscience caused him to become extremely sickly. The townspeople believed that Dimmesdale’s health â€Å"had suffered severely, of late, by his too unreserved self-sacrifice to the labors and duties of the pastoral relation† (74). Truthfully though, the young minister was â€Å"pale, and holding his hand over his heart† as a clue of is suffering from hiding his sin (78). Later, it isShow MoreRelatedAlienation From Sin, And Redemption In The Scarlet Letter B y Nathaniel Hawthorne1883 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many themes to form the plot. Three prominent themes throughout the novel are sin and its consequences, alienation from self and society, and redemption. Adulteress Hester Prynne wears a scarlet letter at all times, her lover Dimmesdale becomes mentally and physically sick from his guilt, and her husband Roger Chillingworth ruins his life by only seeking for revenge. Hawthorne uses many symbols through the novel to showcase the powerful beliefsRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Scarlet Effect1551 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of the Scarlet Letter on Dimmesdale The scarlet letter is the Puritan’s method of broadcasting Hester’s sin to the world, but it also has an internal effect on Dimmesdale. Puritanism is a strict religion where pleasure is strictly forbidden and is punishable. When Hester Prynne is discovered to have committed adultery, she is forced to wear a scarlet A, which is short for ‘adultery’. When this is first revealed, Hester stands in the jail carrying baby Pearl and, with the people jeering, isRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And The Making Of A Pearl892 Words   |  4 PagesSarah Thompson Mr. Carter English III 7 November 2017 The Scarlet Letter and the Making of a Pearl Every pearl begins as a dangerous and harsh intrusion into life. A piece of dirt is inserted into an oyster’s environment where it doesn’t belong. The oyster can either respond by dying, or by accepting and surrounding the sand with care. With continual care, the oyster turns the small speck of dirt into a beautiful pearl. The Scarlet Letter is a story of how one woman takes a scandalous event and ratherRead MoreWhat Is the Moral of the Scarlet Letter Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pages The scarlet letter is a text written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 a fictional work which tells about the history of England during the puritan age and the story of women named Hester Prynne. The author feels this text as a romantic work because the text includes about love and the adulteress. The text involves facts and fiction of the author such as the â€Å"Custom-House is a fact and real, while the author was working as a surveyor in the Salem custom house inRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne928 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Hathorne. The Scarlet Letter (1850) is a book about a woman in a Puritan society named Hester Prynne who committed adultery while her older husband was away and is forced to wear the Scarlett letter on her chest. Redemption is a constant theme throughout the book with his main characters Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl. Hawthorne uses Hester as an expression of rebellion of Puritan ways by how she is forced to wear the letter on her chest which gives her the feeling of redemption although it doesn’tRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 10, 2014 A Sin is a Sin Nathaniel Hawthorne was a brilliant writer of the 19th century. Hawthorne created a novel that reflected the time period of the Puritans in New England. The Scarlet Letter contains a representation of the people during that time period but can also be related to the reader’s time period. Originally, God created the world with complete perfection until man fell, and sin entered the world. In the eyes of God, a sin is a sin. There is no worse sin that one can commitRead MoreScarlet Letter Sin Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits a sin by sleeping with the town’s minister, Arthur Dimmesdale. At first, Hesters daughter, Pearl, acts as a constant reminder of her sin. Later, Pearl is transformed into a symbol of innocence. Finally, Pearl redeems Hester from her sin. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlet Letter, Pearl is recognized as a symbol of sin, innocence, and redemption. Hawthorne demonstrates in The Scarlet Letter how Pearl is a symbol of sin. Pearl is Hester Prynne’sRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1153 Words   |  5 Pages i. 1. The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a romantic novel that takes place in sixteenth century Boston, Massachusetts. 2. As a romantic novel, it focuses on the various relationships between the characters and the drastic experiences caused by the scarlet letter between the four main characters being Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingsworth, and Pearl Prynne, with the condemnation of the Puritan society 3. The unknown narrator follows the novel’s main antagonistRead MoreEssay on Hester Prynne1260 Words   |  6 Pages Hester Prynne nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nathaniel Hawthorneamp;#8217;s The Scarlet Letter, a dark tale of sin and redemption,centers around the small Puritan community of Boston during the 17th century. In the midst of this small community is Hester Prynne. She is a woman that has defied the Puritans, taken the consequences and in the end conformed with the Puritans. It did, however, take great effort to settle down and become a women of honor again. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hester PrynneRead MoreAnalysis of Sin in The Scarlet Letter1393 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"He that falls into sin is a man; that grieves at it, is a saint; that boasteth of it, is a devil† (Thomas Fuller). Every human being who has lived has sinned. As such, sin cannot be judged or punished merely for the act. Rather, other considerations should be taken into account. Sin is a universal concept of imperfect behavior independent of religious affiliation and is practiced universally. The range of acts and thoughts covered by sin is vast; Hawthorne critically explores the strict, inflexible

An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan Free Essays

string(80) " decreased costs to operators, shippers, and the traveling public \(Destler, p\." John Pierpont Morgan (1837 – 1931) is one of the more controversial figures in the history of America and the world of finance. Described as a sui generis, a colossus (McCallum, p. 2), â€Å"the organizer† (Miller, 2003), â€Å"banker of last resort† (Andrews, 1999), and â€Å"the man of the hour† (Corey, p. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan or any similar topic only for you Order Now 348), John Pierpont Morgan has also been called a â€Å"robber baron† (Andrews, 1999). Thus, it is evident that J. P. Morgan was a man who was as much praised for his actions in saving the American economy during the 1895 and 1907 crises, as he was criticized and derided for what was seen as his calculated control of the financial world and American business. Viewed from the lens of financial history, however, there can be little doubt that no person, either before or since, has left â€Å"upon the great art of money getting so important an influence.† (Flynn, p. 452) Indeed, Morgan†s acumen in finance and business is clearly illustrated by the fact that the U.S. government had to set up a whole array of government institutions, from the Federal Reserve to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Transportation, to carry out the market stabilizing functions that Morgan had once assumed (Andrews, 1999). But perhaps, the biggest testimony to Morgan†s financial astuteness and power lies in the role he assumed as defacto central banker in 1907. For, there can be little doubt that J. P. Morgan single-handedly rescued the American economic system from falling into disarray. The key to understanding how one man could possibly act as the defacto central banker for as democratic, large and influential a country like the United States, lies in not so much analyzing the actual event, but in J. P. Morgan†s personal history. For, only such an approach could possible explain how he possessed the financial power to avert the collapse of one of the richest banking systems in the world. John Pierpont Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut on April 17, 1837. The son of a rich commodity broker, Morgan was exposed to the world of finance and business from an early age (1000 Management Giants, 1999). Interestingly, call it sheer coincidence or the hand of destiny, the day of Morgan†s birth saw all the banks in New York suspending specie (currency) payment, with banks in Hartford following suit the next day. Thus, as Flynn (p. 462) points out, the future money king came into the world amid the din of crashing banks. Environmental influences may have played a role in instilling in the young Morgan an early interest in business. However, it appears that Morgan also had a natural interest in and gift for figures. For, even as a child, he is reputed to have kept a meticulous account detailing the receipt and expenditure of his allowance (1000 Management Giants, 1999). Further, this early interest was no fluke since he repeatedly proved his prowess with figures in both school and college. So much so, that his high school teacher is reported to have called him a prodigy after witnessing Morgan†s ability to mentally solve problems in cubic root and decimals. But perhaps the greater compliment to Morgan†s mathematical ability came when the University of Gottingen offered the graduate student Morgan, a professor†s chair in mathematics (Flynn, p. 454, 464). Fortunately for the business world, and unfortunately for the mathematical one, Morgan refused. Morgan entered the business of finance in 1857 as an accountant in the New York based Duncan, Sherman and Company. Morgan†s first job, as well as the work he did with his father†s international firm, gave him a unique perspective on specie standardization necessity for credit and commerce (obits.com). It is also interesting to note that Morgan began his career in a year of panic, just as he began his life amidst the din of crashing banks. But, perhaps this was a fortuitous start since, as Geisst (p. 89) observes, the panic of 1857 proved to be a fertile training ground for many future financiers. In Morgan†s case, this was probably true since he later demonstrated that he knew the value of financial stability and solidity. Besides the valuable learnings of the initial years, the civil war that followed must also have taught Morgan a great deal in terms of identifying business opportunities in downturns, the effect of war on monetary policy and credit, and most important, the role of courage, confidence, and faith in taking business decisions. In fact, this probably accounts for one of Morgan†s most famous sayings, â€Å"Remember, my son, that any man who is a bear on the future of this country will go broke.† (McCallum, p. 2) Morgan proved his abilities in business very early. For, it is apparent that he quickly learnt the financial ropes to become an increasingly influential member of the firm, Dabney, Morgan Company (1864-1871), before moving on to become a partner in Drexel, Morgan Co. In fact, it was the latter firm that grew to be recognized as one of the world†s most powerful financial institutions, both before and after it came to be known as J. P. Morgan Co. in 1895 (Netstate, 2005). The reputation of J. P. Morgan Co. was primarily earned in the decade 1879-89 when the House of Morgan consolidated its financial power and developed the institutionalized mechanism for the control of investment resources and of industry. Indeed, this is evident in the fact that by 1889, J.P. Morgan had secured control of many important railroads by virtue of his use of new forms and functions of finance such as the formation of trusts, acquisitions and mergers. In fact, this is when â€Å"Morganization,† or the control of finance over industry, and consequently, the centralization of industry and finance, was first established (Corey, p. 131-2). Morgan†s interest in consolidating the railroads, however, was not just for profit reasons. He was genuinely interested in achieving stabilization in the interests of the American economy. Therefore, he improved railroad properties and services, increased safety and efficiency, and decreased costs to operators, shippers, and the traveling public (Destler, p. You read "An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan" in category "Essay examples" 39; Moody, p. 134; Wagenknecht, p. 56). Morgan achieved this through providing the railways with enormous amounts of capital, which they needed for investment. More important, he put a stop to all price wars, thereby prevented likely bankruptcies, ensuring in the process that the capital was put to good use (Andrews, 1999). Much like his interests in the railways, Morgan also invested in consolidating other core sector businesses such as steel and power. For instance, he funded Thomas Edison in setting up the Edison General Electric Company. He later acquired and merged Thomas Houston Electrical with Edison to form General Electric in 1892, to emerge as the controlling force in the power industry (Geisst, p. 115) Similarly, by 1901, he had created U.S. Steel, North America†s first billion dollar company (McCallum, p. 2). Morgan achieved this through merging his Federal Steel Company with Andrew Carnegie†s Carnegie Steel Company (obits.com). After the merger, he then proceeded to offer the public the largest to date stock offering of $1.4 billion (Geisst, p. 115-6). However, much like the railways, Morgan†s principal reason for taking an interest in the steel industry was his goal of achieving a stable American economy through stabilization and prevention of violent fluctuations, which the steel industry in particular was subject to. This, Morgan felt, was a critical task because such fluctuations invariably resulted in creating periods of inflation and depression for many other industries, which were dependent on steel (Weinberg, p. 148). The key to Morgan†s success in amassing wealth and financial control lay in his ability to mobilize funds, overseas and at home, for the various trusts he controlled. In the absence of a central bank, these trusts quickly gained in clout as financiers and bankers aided and contributed to the consolidation of many smaller, innovative companies by merging them into industrial giants (Geisst, p. 124). Therefore, it is hardly surprising that J.P. Morgan Co., First National, and National City Bank, a trio dominated by Morgan, held a total of 341 directorships in 112 companies with aggregate capital resources (in money of the day) of between $ 22-25 million in 1912 (Andrews, 1999; Wagenknecht, p.50). Thus, Morgan†s path to success explains the colossal power he possessed in the financial and business circles of America. So much so, that even the U.S. government turned to him for help on several occasions. One such occasion was in 1985, when the U.S. Treasury was facing a rapidly melting gold reserve. Morgan responded promptly by organizing a syndicate, which supplied the U.S. government with $62 million dollars in gold. This timely action shored up the reserves to a safe limit of $100 million and probably saved the dollar (McCallum, p. 2; Wagenknecht, p. 55). This action, plus the indisputable power of his holdings, makes it evident that by 1907, J. P. Morgan was seen as the first among equals in American finance and industry. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that Wall Street, banks, trusts, and the government turned to him when banks began failing in 1907. There were several factors that precipitated the 1907 banking crisis. The chief of these was the rampant speculation that took place between 1905 and 1906 in the background of a prosperous economy, easy credit, and low interest rates (Moody, p. 134-6). To make matters worse, businesspersons such as F. A. Heinze and C. W. Morse regularly used the shares and resources of banks they owned to buy shares in other banks, or finance their more speculative undertakings (Cahill, 1998; Corey; p. 339-40; Moody, p. 138-141). The unchecked and unregulated American financial system of that era did not help matters any, giving speculators free rein to speculate in rail, copper, and indeed, any issue which Wall Street threw their way, no matter how unsound (Corey, p. 339; Moody, p. 135-6). The first signs of warning of an overheated economy and a bubble actually came in 1906 when Wall Street demand loans and merchant†s discounts began commanding the highest rate in more than 30 years. In fact, in September 1906, New York banks reported a deficit in reserves, leading to the U.S. Treasury depositing government surplus funds in banks (Noyes, p. 357). The action of the U.S. Treasury, however, only resulted in a brief respite. For, in March 1907, prices crashed on the New York Stock Exchange with reports of slackening production and earnings. The situation was further aggravated when large financiers were forced to liquidate their â€Å"indigestible securities† (Corey, p. 340) by a liquidity crisis (Moody, p. 142; Cahill, 1998). This second mini-crisis was once again averted due to the intervention of the U.S. Treasury, high money rates drawing gold from Europe, and funds returning to New York post the end of the crop season (Moody, p. 143). These stop gap measures, however, did not address the real issue, namely, speculation and unregulated financing of businesses. Thus, in October 1907, when the shares of United Copper collapsed due to Heinze†s attempts to corner them, it led to the collapse of a prominent brokerage firm run by his brother, the Heinze controlled Butte (Montana) Savings Bank and the Mercantile National Bank (Corey, p. 340-1; Moody, p. 144). The New York Clearing House Committee agreed to bail out Mercantile to restore depositor confidence. However, the action failed to do so, owing to a ripple effect that occurred once the committee publicized its findings on Heinze and Morse†s speculative activities. This ripple effect led to a run on several banks and trusts such as the Knickerbocker Trust associated with Heinze and Morse (Corey, p. 340; Cahill, 1998). From this point, the panic spread to the rest of the country owing to a loss of confidence in the economy and the American system. In addition, the accompanying credit and liquidity squeeze only deepened the crisis. The collapse of the Heinz and Morse controlled empire and the subsequent run on banks led to financial forces coming together rather automatically under Morgan†s leadership. Even the U.S. government looked to Morgan to solve the problem, with Secretary of the Treasury, George Cortelyou, rushing to New York to confer with Morgan and his associate financiers. In the absence of a central banking institution, Morgan had no choice but to step in and do what he could in an improvised and dictatorial style. In fact, Morgan was the only man in a position who could do so. For, J. P. Morgan Co. was in sound condition, having learnt the importance of maintaining a high degree of liquidity from previous experiences (Corey, p. 341-2). In any case, Morgan was known for his conservatism and aversion to speculation (Destler, p. 53; Wagenknecht, p. 56). Therefore, if anyone could be trusted to see America safely through its latest crisis, it was J. P. Morgan. Morgan rose to the occasion admirably. While banks crashed and investors panicked, Morgan mobilized the available money in the banking system and trusts, along with the $25 million handed over by the Treasury, to distribute to the banks and other financial institutions. In addition, J. P. Morgan Co. announced that it would anticipate all interest and dividend payments payable through the firm (Corey, p. 343-44; Geisst, p. 119). Morgan also stepped in at every crucial juncture of the crisis. For instance, Morgan organized a pool of $ 3 million to prevent the Trust Company of America failing. Similarly, when the New York Stock Exchange showed signs of a financial collapse under the weight of all the margin selling that the trusts and banks were forced into, Morgan bailed out the institution by quickly mobilizing a $25 million pledge of funds (Geisst, p. 119-120). Morgan†s role in the bank crisis of 1907 led to the press hailing him as America†s savior and â€Å"man of the hour.† (Geisst, p. 120; Corey, p. 348). Unfortunately, however, criticism soon followed with accusations ranging from his having engineered the crisis for profiteering purposes to being a robber baron. This led to the Federal government setting up the Pujo commission in 1912 to investigate Morgan†s suspected violations of anti-trust laws. The experience, in fact, is said to have broken Morgan who thereafter chose to retire. Morgan died in Rome on August 31, 1931. When he died, he left behind a legacy in investment banking and finance that is revered till today. The debates on Morgan†s motives may go on. But there is one fact that cannot be contested. And, that is, that he single-handedly saved America from one of its worst financial crises. How to cite An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan, Essay examples

The luncheon free essay sample

A friendly intention of taking an friendout to lunch can result in important situations about oneself not experienced in other events. This comes to the forefront in Somerset W. Maughams anecdotal short story The Luncheon. The young protagonist, a writer, learns he should not be too generous for fear of being taken advantage of after feeling humiliated and angry because he took a pretentious woman out to lunch. The elements of structure, vivid imagery, symbols and style help to develop the acquaintances personality and the protagonists feelings from excitement to anger while also delineating to which extent the protagonists perception of things has changed for his own good. Structure is important to the evolution of the protagonists personal feelings. Initially, the protagonists feels flattered and excited that he has been asked by an older woman to take her out to lunch in one of the fanciest and most expensive restaurants in Paris. We will write a custom essay sample on The luncheon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although his financial situation worries him, he wants to please his acquaintance. However, when she begins to order many expensive items, he first worries about how he will pay the bill. Then, he feels humiliated for being used to satisfy her expensive food tastes only. Next, her insensitive discourse angers him: I see that youre in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. [the protagonist ate only a mutton chop]. Im sure its a mistake. Why dont you follow my example and just eat one thing? Im sure youd feel ever so much better for it. However, he replies sarcastically, I am only going to eat one thing. Finally, the only solution for him is to not care about her and to be as mean to her as she was to him, whenever possible. His final statement shows that he has had his revenge at last Today she weighs twenty one stone. Vivid imagery and symbols help reveal the protagonists feelings and his acquaintances personality. Several times throughout the story, his acquaintance states, I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. The luncheon is symbolic of the concept of the survival of the fittest. On the one hand, his acquaintance possesses a manipulating and insincere personality, while the protagonist is good, kind, and pleasing. As a result, she gets what she wants while the protagonist must pay the price for taking such a person out to lunch because he is a good person. the color white in  the image of her white large teeth and French white wines suggests her cold personality (Jobes 1676). The salmon she eats reveals an abundance in the food items she eats (Jobes 1391) pointing to her extravagant personality. The caviar represents her delicate connoisseur tastes (de Vries 89). Even her age she is forty is significant in that a woman is a devil at forty (de Vries 200), so that it can be concluded she possesses a devilish nature. The symbolic number one in the acquaintances ironic statement, I never eat more than one thing for luncheon possesses several qualities evident of her character. It suggests boldness, consciousness and self-centeredness (Jobes 1209). The latter is the most significant because all she cares about is getting the food she wants. By referring to the head waiter as having a priest-like face and a false face, the protagonist emphasizes his anger about his financial means. In essence, the waiter and the acquaintance are performing rituals and acting on behalf of their best interests. The acquaintance pursues eating while the waiter expects a fine tip. Style, too, confirms the acquaintances personality as well as the protagonists illumination. The protagonist, being a down to earth and honest man is not convinced by her contradictory statements and therefore, doesnt care about her. On the other hand, the protagonists style of speaking is sincere and honest even during his angry moments. At the end when the acquaintance says, Never eat more than one thing for luncheon he emotionally releases himself by retorting, Ill eat nothing for dinner tonight! His second release though less stormy, happens when he complacently says, Today she weighs twenty one stone. These statements confirm he is no longer flattered by her. Style, vivid imagery and symbols as well as structure help develop the protagonists initial child-like feelings of flattery and excitement to disgust and anger due to the unfortunate sequence of events causes by his insensitive acquaintance. These elements also create a cold picture of his acquaintances personality. However, as he realizes what is happening to him during the course of events, he matures. The moral implications behind the short story The Luncheon are the thoughtful steps involved when one  commits oneself to taking a stranger out to lunch. Works Cited De Vries, Ad. Dictionary of symbols and Imagery. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co, 1974. Jobes, Gertrude. Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1962. The Luncheon by W. Somerset Maugham [Maugham, W. Somerset (1977). Collected Short Stories: Volume 1. Penguin Classics, pp. 97-100.

Manage Employee Relations - Click to Get Solution

Question: Discuss about theManage Employee Relations. Answer: Overview Long Term Plans The strategic plans of the organization are dependent on the analysis of the internal as well as external factors. The internal environment of Fynntown City Council is analyzed by SWOT analysis and the external environment is assessed by a PESTEL analysis (Shabanova et al., 2015). SwotAnalysis The internal factors such as strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats are analyzed by this tool. This tool gives an in-depth analysis of the internal scenario of an organization. Strengths The Fynntown City Council serves a large number of customers. It has a huge customer base. It has a young workforce who can adapt to new skills easily. Weakness The customer satisfaction level of Fynntown City Council is low, whereas it is the duty of the council to provide better support to the citizens. There is no evaluation of the human resource practices. The attrition of the older employees has created a knowledge gap for the organization. Opportunities There are advanced technologies that help in better management of the human resources. The council can create an integrated network for better customer service. Threats There are constraints with the full time employees and budget constraints of the organization. The Government is increasingly moving towards privatization. Pestel Analysis This tool would help Fynntown City Council to assess the potential influence of the external factors on the overall functioning of the firm. Political The government policy, stability, education policies and others shape up the organizational strategies. The organizational policies as well as the employment relation policies would be impacted by local government rules (Yksel, 2012). Economic The world economy as well as the local economy plays a major role in the organizational policies. There are factors like inflation, unemployment, interest rates and others that affect the human resource decisions of an organization, such as job cuts (Mankiw, 2014). Social The social factors like health, lifestyle, social mobility, education levels, attitudes to work and others determine the organizational policies (Shabanova et al., 2015). Technological The operational plans are made in accordance to the technological advancements such as new discoveries, research, new IT tools and others. Environmental The organizational regulations should also consider the waste disposal, resource consumption, energy consumptions and other environment related factors (Shabanova et al., 2015). Legal The employee welfare laws, employee protection laws and other statutory compliances should be considered while formulating human resource policies (Walsh, 2015). Recent Employee Relations Issues The employee relations of Fynntown City Council have not been good in recent times. The firing of the employees of the Council has led to serious malfunctioning of the organization as a whole. The elderly employees having vast experience levels are being terminated. There was a lack of proper documentation of the processes. The employees who were terminated did not get an opportunity to transfer their knowledge to the existing employees. This created a knowledge gap in the organization. The existing junior employees are facing anxiety and stress. This has led to a reduction of the productivity of the employees. Course of Action The organizational policies regarding termination of the employees should be revised. The wrongful dismissal of the employees should be avoided. The organization should give sufficient reasons to the employees before terminating them (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). The employees should be allowed to share their knowledge prior to the termination process so that their knowledge is preserved within the organization. There should not be partiality in the firing process. It is wrong to dismiss all the senior employees and retain the junior ones (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). There should be motivational sessions for the existing employees after the layoff process is over. This would help them concentrate on their work and avoid any negative emotions. Existing Employee Relations Performance The workforce objectives of Fynntown City Council conform to the organizational objectives. It states that the employees should be provided a suitable work environment so that they can deliver their best performance. There is increasing absenteeism rates in the Fynntown City Council. This is because of the lower motivational levels of the employees. They are having an inferiority complex as they felt that they do not possess sufficient knowledge to do the job. This hampered the performance of the employees, which in turn did not fulfil the organizational objectives. Performance ER Performance and ER Strategy The employee strategies in Fynntown City Council include coaching of the managers, development of the training solutions, organization of recreational as well as social events and others (Cummings Worley, 2014). There are, however, no suitable policies regarding the termination and absenteeism. The employees are not attending offices due to the lack of organizational policies. This is hampering the performance of the employees, which is affecting the organizational functioning. Alignment of ER Strategies There are strategies of employment relations that are interconnected with the strategic plan of the organization. There is an interconnection between the employee relation strategies and the labor relations strategies of the organization (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The salary structure of the organization is directly related to the satisfaction level of the employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). An increase in the salary structure would definitely lead to better employee relations. The operational plan that appreciates the performance of the employees is directly linked to the motivation of the employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The employee relations would be enhanced, if they are happy with the way, the management rewards their hard work (Dobre, 2013). The relationship between the employees and the organization should be honest, open, frequent and supportive (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The employee friendly strategies regarding the termination process would imply maximum employee sat isfaction. There are strengths of a positive interconnection between the strategic plan of the organization and the employee relations. If the organization is capable of producing a justified operational plan, then it is obvious that the employees would be happy (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The satisfied employees would give their best output at work. This would lead to an increase in their work effectiveness (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The employees would have a feel good factor and there would be an increase in their motivation levels (Fernet, 2013). The weakness of this interconnection would happen if there is a lack of conformity between the strategic plan and the employee relations. This would also happen if the organization feels that their policies are inclined more towards the employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The high rate of absenteeism in Fynntown City Council indicates that the employees are not satisfied or motivated. This has impacted the organization. The sudden dismissal of the employees demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the strategic plan of the organization (Berglund, 2012). If the employees have a fear that they are contributing nothing to the organization, then they would lose the zeal to do the job (Berglund, 2012). The employees who attend offices everyday are motivated and love their jobs. Areas of Potential Industrial Conflict There can be issues with the compensation, termination, workplace safety, work hours and other issues. The employees occupy a strategic place in every organization (Landy Conte, 2016). They play a major role in the achievement of the objectives of the organization. There can be internal conflicts such as unfair policies of the organization such unfair dismissal of the employees (Saundry et al., 2014). There can be several categories of conflicts such as- wage demands, unsafe working conditions, unfair management policies, social concerns and political disputes (Saundry et al., 2014). Recommendations The employee relations should be improved in Fynntown City Council. There should be appropriate strategic plans of the organization. This would be highly beneficial for the organization. The employee friendly policies would delight the employees who can perform better in their job roles. The existing employees should be given trainings and self development techniques so that they can excel in their work performance. Their motivation levels should be increased by the senior management. The organization should conform to the statutory compliances and reduce the wrongful dismissal of the employees. The departments should function in close coordination with the senior management. There should be risk management strategies because the organization should not suffer. The employees should be motivated always so that their productivity doesnt suffer. There should be contingency plans for improving the employee relations. The management team should possess skills such as flexibility, adherenc e to the organizational goals, eagerness to enrich the employees and others. They should keep a balance between the organizational requirements and the requirements of the employees. Conclusion The employees are the assets of an organization. The success or the failure of an organization depends on the performance of the employees. Adequate attention should be given towards improving the employee relations. The organization should make appropriate strategic plans which improve the employee satisfaction. The strategies should be made in such a way that it meets the employee demands as well as fulfills the needs of the organization. If the employees are enriched then the organization would prosper and there would be organizational success. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Berglund, T. (2012). Transformations of Swedish Labour Market Institutions. Effects on Employees Turnover Cognitions.Revista Internacional de Organizaciones= International Journal of Organizations, (9), 91-120. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dobre, O. I. (2013). 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