Legal Aspects Of Cloning Essays - Cloning, Human Cloning

Lawful Aspects Of Cloning The lawful parts of Human Cloning are very straightforward and straight forward, and I will layout them for you in the nexzt few moments and disclose to you what they mean. It is very apparent however, that you won't have the option to comprehend these laws in the event that you don't have the foggiest idea what human cloning in fact implies! So let me start by characterizing for you what our administration characterizes as ?human cloning?. Human cloning, or better named as ?Human Embryo Cloning? is characterized as to duplicate an individual?. As it were, a clone of somebody is only a period ? deferred indistinguishable twin of that individual! Since we realize what human cloning implies, we can talk about the denial on government financing for cloning for individuals. President Clinton initially tended to this issue in December of 1994. He coordinated the National Institutes of Health not to subsidize the formation of human incipient organism's for research purposes. At that point, congress broadened this forbiddance in Fiscal year '96 and Fiscal year '97 allocation charges (which are essentially charges for reserves put in a safe spot for a specfic reason), notwithstanding the Dept of Health and Human Services from supporting certain human incipient organism research. The President at that point proceeded to address this issue for one final time on March fourth. 1997. Subsequent to concluding that this law had an excessive number of escape clauses, he set some hard boundaries and gave a mandate that prohibited the utilization of any government assets for any cloning of individuals. He expressed the explanation behind his disallowance in a public interview in the oval officeon March fourth. He accepts that it isn't simply a question of scietific request, rather that it involves ethical quality, as you will see better as you tune in to different speakers in my gathering. He expresses ?every human life is remarkable, conceived of a supernatural occurrence that compasses past lab sciences.? He likewise expresses that ?I accept we should regard this significant blessing and regard its source?. Science

Socratic Seminar Questions

English 1-2 1984 Socratic Seminar Questions 3. Perusing and composing for joy advances autonomous idea, however it isn't hazardous. It lets you express how you are truly feeling inside. It is something private that you choose whether or not somebody may take a gander at it. In the start of the book 1984, Winston writes in his scratch pad. He faltered about it for some time before he really started composition. He let out what was experiencing his psyche, it was going truly well however then he abruptly quit composition. The idea that he could get captured startled him. Elder sibling believes composing and perusing for delight to be dangerous.If individuals were to peruse and compose they would acknowledge what has been going on, and this would stop Big Brother. 4. Revisionism despite everything exists today, and we have been casualties of it without us in any event, knowing. At the point when we were more youthful we would find out about Christopher Columbus and how he cruised on thr ee ships and how he arrived at the Americas were he sympathetically welcomed the Native Americans. Be that as it may, is this truly what was the deal? What they didn’t let us know was the manner by which Columbus submitted massacre. He intentionally butchered such a large number of these indigenous individuals. Him and his group assaulted, tormented, consumed, and executed these Natives.We have been survivors of revisionist history. I do concur that information on history is incredible. In the event that you can control history, you control the past. In 1984 Winston works in the Ministry of Truth were he changes the history to cause it to appear as though Big Brother is in every case right. That is the reason the individuals had a visually impaired crease over their eyes. They couldn’t acknowledge what was truly going a direct result of the modifying of history. 6. Thought wrongdoing, as per the book 1984 is considering whatever the Thought Police and the Party says is illicit. Illicit is whatever makes independence. Distinction for the gathering isn't good.I do accept a type of â€Å"thoughtcrime† exists in our general public today. We have our own specific manner of reasoning that probably won't oblige what society or the administration accepts. The administration has laws that numerous individuals don't concur with. However, we truly can’t take care of business. We have our own contemplations that the legislature dislike, however the administration can’t take care of that either. 5. In the book 1984 innovation enables the Party to control Oceania. Today innovation works through TV, radio, telephones, cameras, satellites, and the web. I trust it is utilized for fiendish. Truly, innovation a be exceptionally useful, yet is it truly required? Back in time individuals didn’t have a lot of innovation and they were as yet upbeat. Innovation now daily is utilized for detestable things. Numerous individuals digital harasser . In view of digital harassing numerous kids have ended it all. This is the thing that innovation has prompted. Music is likewise a major part in innovation that is exceptionally powerful in innovation. The music we hear day by day have messages behind them. The greater part of the music is about sex, vengeance, becoming inebriated, taking medications, and numerous different things. This is the thing that our cerebrum is recording, these informed are in our mind. That is the reason I figure innovation can be abhorrent.

Competetive Strategy - Hansen Natural Corporation Essay

Competetive Strategy - Hansen Natural Corporation - Essay Example A US firm Hansen Natural Corporation which advertises sodas and drinks is considered with the end goal of our investigation. Sodas advertise is an exceptionally serious market in US and there are various little and enormous contenders effectively present in this industry. Approaches are additionally recommended which will be helpful for the organization in the worth creation throughout the following four years. One of the most basic issues in regards to a business is the recognizable proof and improvement of a feasible upper hand. It is substantially more basic when the business in concern is a little and developing business where the market is as of now pervaded with various existent contenders. It has been discovered that numerous independent companies have frequently neglected to create upper hand over their rivals in the market. The business person of the business needs to make strides so as to increase upper hand in their business. It is critical to make reference to that the bu siness network never greets new business people wholeheartedly rather keep the new passages from appropriating the piece of the overall industry from them. Along these lines advancement of upper hand is basic for a firm right from the passage stage as far as possible of the life of the business (Bressler, n.d., p.192) . Territories where the organizations need to mediate so as to create upper hand Small organizations can't rival the huge firms as far as cost as the value system conduct stays in their grasp because of market notoriety just as recorded deals foundation. An ordinary conduct of a little firm can be given by a model for this situation. Assume a café is opening and when gotten some information about the planned a typical answer is that, â€Å"we will offer great food at great prices† (Bressler,n.d.,p.193). Promoting blend components can be seen to convey upper hand to the organizations. The components of the advertising blend incorporate item, value, spot, and adv ancement. The organizations need to focus on these factors so as to increase upper hand. Cost likewise assumes a significant job in the upper hand worldview (Rothaermel, n.d., p. 201). Large organizations can arrange lower costs and have focal points over the littler organizations. Anyway there are conceivable outcomes of bringing down the expenses with the assistance of less capital gear, area, overhead, lower dispersion cost, lower work cost, and lower venture cost. Before clarifying them to sum things up with monetary speculations as a matter of first importance we will talk about the qualities of the market of soda pops in US and its pertinence with the Hans Natural Corporation. Attributes of the soda pops advertise in US In the current circumstance the soda business is profoundly serious for all the companies engaged with this business (Davies, n.d.). The sodas business faces pressure from rival merchant, new contestants to the business, substitute merchandise, providers, and p urchasers. In the US sodas industry Coca-Cola, Pepsi Co and Cadbury Schweppes are the biggest contenders. In 2004, Coca Cola’s working capital was around $1.1 billion and Pepsico’s all out deals were $18.4 billion. Numerous little organizations are additionally there like Facedrink, Arcadia Brewing Co, Banko Beverage Company, Carolina Canners Inc and so forth.( Beverage Companies, n.d.). The market is nearly immersed and the development is little. It is truly troublesome possibility for the new contestants in the business. Another critical obstruction

A Good Man Is Hard to Find Grandmother Is the Central Character Free Essays

A Good Man is Hard to Find The grandma is the focal character in the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’Connor. She is additionally a very balanced and dynamic character. She shows different qualities and uncovers different comments as they story advances. We will compose a custom paper test on A Good Man Is Hard to Find: Grandmother Is the Central Character or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now A portion of her characteristics incorporate narrow minded and a pushy individual. She is likewise sort of controller such that she demands her family to change the arrangement. Toward the start of the story when we initially understand her craving to visit her youth house, she is being a narrow minded individual. Analyzing her discussion with her child Bailey, the grandma is also a pushy individual. She is persuading Bailey to change the excursion plan as indicated by her need just and which will profit her as it were. She is attempting to control her family to do what she believes is ideal. She is likewise a touch of criticizer at focuses in the story. Her attributes stay same all through the story that is in any event, when her longing was overlooked, she despite everything continued adulating it. The story opens up with a discussion between the grandma and her child Bailey about their outing to Florida. Rather than going to Florida with her whole family, she demands visiting her family members up in Tennessee. Regardless of everyone’s decision, she simply needs to go where her brain is set. It is evident that she is just worried about her picking up and no one else’s. Her childishness happens when she says â€Å"The youngsters have been to Florida before† (O’Connor 345). It seems like the grandma is being obstinate and silly, and attempting to adjust their perspective on going to Tennessee. She is convincing the family to change their get-away goal to Tennessee. â€Å"Here this kindred that considers himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and made a beeline for the Florida and you read here what it says he did to these individuals. Just you read it. I wouldn’t take my kids toward any path with a criminal like that aloose in it. I couldn’t answer to my heart on the off chance that I did† (O’Connor 345). She is attempting to unnerve Bailey and furthermore saying that going there could likewise be perilous. She lies after she appears to not get any response from past endeavors by attempting to state out that it’s not about her, yet in actuality it’s about the youngsters. â€Å"The youngsters have been to Florida before,† the old woman said. â€Å"You all should take them elsewhere for a change so they would see various pieces of the world and be expansive. They never have been to east Tennessee† (O’Connor 345). She is reproachful of the children’s mother and convinces Bailey by disclosing to him that it tends to be an instructive encounter for his kids. Honestly, she needs to go to Tennessee to serve her own just and satisfy her needs. One of significant self-centeredness happens when she first takes a stab at making her child Bailey change the entire get-away plans including the goal. She had constantly regarded her child Bailey as though he was kid still and expects him not to settle on his own choice for himself. After the family overlooks the grandmother’s endeavors of influence and her longing, they choose to go on their own way. She is asked to go with her family. Along these lines the grandma shows attributes as though she were an adherent. â€Å"The next morning the grandma was the first in the vehicle, prepared to go† (O’ Connor 345). As of now in the story, her development shows that she has been disregarded and turns into the first to prepare as though she has been compelled to do as such. Notwithstanding realizing that her child Bailey doesn’t like taking feline onto their excursions, she conceals her feline, Pitty Sing, into the crate. †¦ and underneath it she was concealing a container with Pitty Sing, the feline, in it† (O’Connor 345). She is staying away from her child and doesn’t need to disregard the feline home. Toward the finish of the story, the grandma shows an extremely evident narrow-mindedness act where is just worried about her life just and shows zero worry about the remainder of the family. At the point when the family experiences the Misfit and his pack, the grandma remembers him as the Misfit. â€Å"I know you wouldn’t shoot a woman! I realize you originate from pleasant individuals! Supplicate! Jesus, you should not to shoot a woman. I’ll give all of you the cash I’ve got! † (O’Connor 355). She is arguing the Misfit for her life just by saying the word woman over and again and offering him the cash. She is additionally lauding the Misfit by considering him a decent man and attempting to spare her life. She was likewise indiscreet about her family. At the point when her family is brought down into the forested areas, she keeps on conversing with Misfit. She overlooks the sound of when her child and rest of the family were being shot. She is clearly unmindful of numerous things. She was disregarding everything except for the Misfit. â€Å"The shirt came flying at him and arrived on his shoulders and he put it on. The grandma couldn’t name what the shirt reminded her of† (O’Connor 354). The grandma doesn’t even understand that shirt was her child Baileys. She had no enthusiasm for knowing where that shirt originated from and what befell my family. For an amazing worry in particular, she attempts to convince the Misfit a similar way she attempted with her family. â€Å"I know you’re a decent man. You don’t look somewhat like you have regular blood. I realize you should originate from decent individuals! † (O’Connor 352). She is attempting to control the Misfit and expectations that he will bear her. She is contemplating nobody else yet the purpose for herself. Anyway she bombs by and by to impact the Misfit. One of her qualities in the story is being a pushy individual. In any event, when she isn't heard by her family, she keeps on commending her country trusting that Bailey would adjust his perspective still. After they had left The Tower, â€Å"a part-plaster and part-wood filling station and move hall†¦ † (O’ Connor 348), the grandma summarizes â€Å"an old ranch that she had visited in this area once when was a youthful lady† (O’Connor 349). Despite the outcomes, the grandma finds an elective method to control Bailey for changing his course to the old house she needed to see. She realized that Bailey would not lose whenever taking a gander at an old house, however the more she discussed it, the more she needed to see it once again† (O’Connor 349). She is being an exceptionally pushy individual here attempting to persuade Bailey and makes it sound in any event, intriguing telling the youngsters. â€Å"There was a mystery board in this hou se,† she said shrewdly, not coming clean yet wishing that she were, â€Å"and the story went that all family silver was covered up in it when Sherman came through however it was never found†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (O’Connor 349). The dad surrenders to visit the house after his children begin to holler and shout that they needed to see the house with mystery boards (350). She convinces the kids about disclosing to them a mystery board in the house which makes them develops their energy much more in observing it. Anyway she isn't coming clean about the house yet simply making the kids need to see it immediately and would constrain their dad to take them there. She isn't just being pushy to Bailey yet additionally to the youngsters. She looks for an approach to pick up Bailey’s consideration. â€Å"It’s not a long way from here, I know,† the grandma said. â€Å"It wouldn’t assume control more than twenty minutes† (O’Connor 350). The grandma later understands that the house with mystery boards she told the kids is in Tennessee not in Georgia. Her longing to visit the old house from youth brings about a mishap when her feline Pitty Sing sprang onto Bailey’s shoulder (350) losing the control of the vehicle and coming about into a mishap. In the event that the grandma had not pushed her child to bypass to see the old house, which she later acknowledged was in Tennessee not in Georgia, they wouldn’t have met with a mishap. She is the reason for her whole family when they experience the Misfit and his group who shot everybody toward the finish of the story including the grandma. All through the story, her different comments uncover that she needs to accomplish just to assist her own and won’t let anything come in her manner. Toward the end, during her discussion with the Misfit, the grandma says that she knows him from great individuals attempting to spare her own life. She completed herself as a narrow minded individual particularly toward the finish of the story. As I would see it she stayed a static character as her attributes didn’t change. She stays egocentric all through the story and tries to pick up everything that will profit her as it were. The grandma shows different character attributes that cuts families defeat toward the finish of the story. Her demonstration of childishness shows when she reveals to her child Bailey the advantage of taking their youngsters to Tennessee. She needs the youngsters to visit distinctive piece of world and be wide. Be that as it may, honestly, just she will pick up everything by traveling in Tennessee. She convinces her family by expressing that this excursion could be an instructive encounter for the youngsters. As the story closes, she faces a passing as her discipline for self-serving doings. Alongside her, the whole family faces with death. Works Cited Updike, John. â€Å"Pygmalion. † Literature for Composition. eighth ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print. Step by step instructions to refer to A Good Man Is Hard to Find: Grandmother Is the Central Character, Papers

Harry Potter Haiku

Harry Potter Haiku ObjectivesStudents will learn how to write a haiku.Students will practice their reading comprehensions skills.MaterialsPencilsPaperCopies of the Haiku HandoutHarry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and/or the rest of the Harry Potter books.ProceduresDistribute the Haiku Handout to students. Go over sections 1, 2 and 3 of the handout together. Count the syllables in the sample poems together (either as a class or in small groups). Have students write their own haiku using the template at the bottom of the handout. Break the class into partners and have students check each other's work by counting the syllables in each line. Give students time to edit their poems. Have students share their poems with the class. Factmonster.com. Students learn how to write a haiku using the Harry Potter book series as a prompt. Grades 3 ||||| 8 Subjects Reading Comprehension (967) Literature (1,453) Teaching Harry Potter (41) Reading (1,505) Reading and Literature (3,645) Books (140) Poetry (172) Language Arts and Writing (3,345) Holidays Poetry Month (168) TYPE: Lesson Plans (1,036)

Intimacy and Human Desire in The Trial - Literature Essay Samples

In order to address the paradoxes of eroticism and human desire for intimacy in The Trial, it is important to recognize the ongoing theme of bondage (in the classic master/slave sense). Without this undercurrent of power and servitude, it is impossible to pin down Joseph K.s apparent need or desire to become involved (whether intimately or socially) with women such as Fraulein Burstner, Fraulein Grubach, Leni, and the washwoman at the Court. It should be noted also that the dream-like state in which Kafka portrays the story is important to allowing these somewhat fetish-ized situations to occur. A central issue in Ks dealings with these women is that he often seeks out women that will help him in some way. It could be to alleviate boredom and supply information (Leni), to pass the time (Elsa), to give him information and/or help regarding his case (the washerwoman), or to lend him sexual gratification (all of the above?). In fact, K. even seems to reflect on this on page 107 when he first encounters Leni after she has broken the dish to get his attention: I recruit women helpers, he thought, almost amazed: first Fraulein Burstner, then the court ushers wife, and now this little nurse who seems to have an inexplicable desire for me.' This realization does not seem to bother him, only cause him to wonder at the coincidence. To the reader however, especially after a second reading, this fact stands out as one of the greater questions of the book: how are these women related to K.s struggle against the court? How are they implicated in the proceedings and to what degree? What is their significance to K., whether emotionally or through the gleaning of some physical or material item or act?In an attempt to explore some of these questions, it is best to go in chronological order from the time K. meets each of these women characters, beginning first with K.s relationship to Frl. Grubach, his landlady. Although they do not appear to have ever been intimately involved, they seem to have a close relationship and the reader gets the idea that K. has lived in the boarding house for quite some time. Frl. Grubach is reliable and industrious and is obviously quite fond of K. as we find out during a conversation when K. comes to see her regarding Frl. Burstners room. She says, he could visit her anytime, he was her best and dearest boarder, as he well knew. It is not until later, however, when K. is in Frl. Burstners room, that K. says, shes [Frl. Grubach] beholden to me since shes borrowed a large sum from me. That adds a complexity to their relationship that was not seen when they had their initial conversation and she had seemed like his kindly landlady who wished for his happiness. K.s relationship with Frl. Grubach is evidence to the master/slave relationship theme, as Frl. Grubach is at K.s service throughout the book due to the money she owes him. K. is also seen as the punisher in this relationship as he does not s eem concerned with her feelings when he lashes out at her over her remarks about Frl. Burstner. This punisher role that K. takes on is stated on page 26 when K. thought for a moment of punishing Frau Grubach by talking Fraulein Burstner into joining him in giving notice. Although this is not a physical punishment, he uses mental games as punishment with characters he feels superior to. This issue of Ks assumed superiority is a large element in his personality. Thus when he views himself to be above someone, he acts accordingly, unheeding of their feelings and seeming not to care about the outcome of his actions. K.s games with Frl. Grubach are evidence of this. It should be noted also that Frl. Grubach does not play much of a role in the heart of the story, but as time wears on she appears less likable, not only to the reader, but possibly to K.. She takes on the role of watcher and is always at the boarding house. Actually, she becomes quite pitiable after her great reli ef is expressed when K. begins talking to her again on page 236 when she brings him his breakfast: you dont know how Ive suffered the last few days! That I would slander my boarders! And you thought, Herr K.! She is in tears by this time and K. pleads with her not to cry while thinking of something else entirely. By this point it is easy to view her as being slightly obsessive, and perhaps also a little shady. After all, she does know all the comings and goings of the boarding house and cant be trusted entirely. In this sense it can be said the Frl. Grubach embodies the Court. Omnipresent, something to live with that judges and oversees. She is almost motherly, but not protective, rather, she is secretive. Kafka gives no real evidence for this, but it is rather implied based on character judgements the reader can make throughout the book. Everyone seems to know of K.s accused status (Frl. Grubach especially). Frl. Burstner seems to be the only woman that K. gives serious thought to, and since he only seems interested in gaining things from women, the reader is left wondering exactly what it is that he wants from Frl. Burstner. Could it be purely physical? Could it be separate from the trials proceedings? He treats her quite differently than he does Leni. For example Kafka uses descriptive language to describe her appearance and physical actions to a greater degree than he does when Leni is introduced. And, even though it may seem trivial, when Frl. Burstner is first introduced she appears seductive in small ways: Fraulein Burstner softly invited him again into her room. The word softly is uncharacteristicly used, and has not appeared in the description of any other character or action yet. Also, she crossed her legs lightly, thus giving the impression of Frl. Burstner being sexy and inviting, yet pushing away K.s advances. This is the first and only woman that has power over K. (besides perhaps the elusive Elsa) and he seems to find her co mpelling. He later takes her in a somewhat forceful and impulsive, almost feral way. Im coming said K., rushed out, seized her, kissed her on the mouth, then all over her face, like a thirsty animal lapping at a spring it has found at last. To the reader, this seems to be an almost violent outburst of passion and makes K. appear seem vulnerable and susceptible to acting purely on physical needs (shades of Mersault come to mind). Thus it initially appears that K. wishes to gain only sexual gratification from Frl. Burstner, as no other sort of attraction is mentioned. Frl. Burstner does, however, tell him that she will be working at a law office and wants to help him. This immediately raises the question of whether he is becoming involved with Frl. Burstner to receive her help. Her importance to K. is also difficult to ascertain, since when she appears at the end, one is left wondering about her involvement in the trial. The character of Frl. Burstner represents the Court i n its elusiveness, its lack of making sense, being understood, or captured and held to look at.It is important to also include Elsa, as she is an important character to help shed light on K.s dealings with women. Although she is mentioned only a few times and does not seem to play a large role in K.s life, she does represent a truth about K.. Joseph K. does not ever seem to have an actual girlfriend, only women that come his way and are attracted to him for some unknown reason. With Elsa the reader is given the impression that this rule is broken: that he came to Elsa. She implies that she is a bartender by night and a prostitute by day, as she only receives visitors in bed. This is just someone else that K. uses to fulfill a particular need, namely for sex. Later in the story, after K. has the conflict with the bandy-legged student, K. pictured how funny it would be, for example, to see this miserable student, this puffed-up child, this bandy-legged, bearded fellow, kne eling at Elsas bedside, clutching his hands and begging for mercy. The implication is once again of a slave/master relationship. It seems that K. takes a special liking to women who are above him somehow. Women who do not throw themselves at his feet, like Leni and the washerwoman/court ushers wife. He feels himself superior to most people and could have a mental/physical need for being submissive (sexually speaking) without emotional attachment. This would explain his urges and thoughts about going to see Elsa: he only mentions going to see her when he is feeling above people or his situation. This would also explain his obsession about Frl. Burstner as she is coy and toys with his desire by being elusive yet discreetly seductive (in her apartment) all the while stroking her hip while she is sitting on the divan (pg. 30). He treats women who already at his service with something to offer him without a care, as if he could easily do without them (Leni, Frl. Grubach, the co urt ushers wife, and even Frl. Montag, although K. is repulsed by her physical appearance and demeanor). This dominance versus submissiveness is a part of K.s life not only with women, but with the court. There are times when he is on top and powerful and times when he is lost, beaten down and can think of nothing but the Court.Leni is quite an odd and impenetrable character. She just happens to be the lawyers nurse and is conveniently there to meet K.. She is childlike not only in her looks (she had a round doll-like face, her pale cheeks and chin forming a circle completed by her temples and forehead) but in her actions also. For instance, she gets K.s attention by smashing a plate against the wall hoping he would come out. In this sense she has a complete disregard for Ks trail, yet seems at other times wants to try to help him by giving him advice and information about the judges. Her need and desire for K. is selfish as it is revealed that she finds all defendants att ractive. K.s desire and need for her are also selfish, motivated by both lust and the information she can provide him. K. seems to be able to do with or without her, but it does seem that she provides respite from the lawyers long speeches on the nonsensical judicial system. For example, the only welcome interruption during these visits was Leni, who always knew how to arrange things so that she served the lawyers tea in K.s presence. Then she would stand behind K., apparently watching the lawyer as he bowed deeply over his cupsecretly allowed K. to grasp her hand Leni sometimes dared to stroke K.s hair softly. (pg. 123). It seems that that was Lenis purposeto serve K. physically and to provide him with some information. Thus again the theme of master/slave continues: Leni, in service to her older master, K., who is in turn in service to his master, the Court, and the lawyer serving as the rope by which they are both bound. In discussing the role of bondage and servitud e, the scene with Block and the lawyer beginning on page 190 is an excellent example. (Although this is not directly related to the females which K. encounters, it does put these situations into context). In this scene all roles are either reversed or heightened. Block is forced by the lawyer (and his own needs) to act much like a trained animal for the lawyer. There is something very fetish-like about this scene. The lawyer is Punisher and Giver of needs, Leni is the go-between, the masters higher-order slave, telling the Master how the subject behaves and if hes been good. K. is the bystander, the one in which the master seeks to give pleasure or pain to by making him watch the whole disgusting scene. This scene, which represents a hierarchy of bondage and servitude is a theme that runs throughout this entire book, particularly in dealings with the Law. It may appear to have nothing to do with K.s relation to some of the women in the story, but it is actually a concent rated version of the story with each of the women and the Court in general.It can be argued that all of these women were secretly against K., even to the point of plotting behind his back. When asked the questionHow did K. put each of these women on trial in a sense, it would be more prudent to ask How did these women put K. on trial? Is the reader the unseen and omnipresent jury on the life of K.? Are we glad hes been executed? Was it the face of the reader in the window that K. saw before his death? Who were wefriend? A good person? Someone who cared?Was it everyone? (pg.231)

Effects Of Pomegranate On Breast Cancer - 839 Words

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User Adoption Momentum Of E Banking In Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3519 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In the era of globalization and with the increasing competition in all the fields around the world many companies have modified their strategies so they can reach their customers around the world easier and cheaper. However the rapid growth of systems that rely on electronic technology especially those relating to the Internet and personal computer- led to a significant change in the exchanging of products and services. Many  Service organizations have adopted modern technology to reduce costs and enhance customer service quality, delivery, and standardize core service offerings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "User Adoption Momentum Of E Banking In Malaysia" essay for you Create order In addition a lot of non-banking companies entered the banking industry by offering products and financial services, giving the customers a lot of options and alternatives to carry out their banking transactions, this difficulty of the business process in the financial sector forces the banks to develop an alternative technological channel to attract customers and improve their perception. The rapid technological diffusion makes the internet the best way to provide customers with banking services regardless of the limits of time and geography. And thats what makes banks  consider the  internet as an important part of their strategic plans. Internet technology has changed the design and the way of delivering the financial services and as a result the banking industry has made continuous innovations especially in the field of communications and information technology that ultimately led to the emergence of the idea of what is known as the online banking. Bankin g services through the internet is a way to keep the existing customers and attract others to the bank, In this paper we define online banking as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Pikkarainen et al., 2004). Compared to the traditional approach, online banking is an inexpensive straightforward way to conduct banking business, exchange of personalized information and buying and selling goods and services from any place at any time. Despite the many benefits provided by this service to the bank and its customers, it remains a double-edged sword and not used by every customer, because the increasing distance between the bank and customers may lead to lack of confidence and an increasing in security concerns. As a result, the quality of electronic banking services become an important area of attention among the researchers and banks managers due to its strong influence on the business performance, lower costs, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability (Seth et al., 2004). The main objective of this study is to focus on the importance of understanding the customers perception about internet banking by investigating and measuring the impact of selected factors such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), security and privacy (PC) and how they can influence the customer acceptance to conduct banking transactions via the internet, Based on the empirical data collected from individual customers in Bahrain. In the next section we will give some background information about the internet banking sector and review the relevant literature in this area, the following section describes the research methodology, which is then followed by the data analysis and the results from the survey, The paper concludes with a discussion, outlining the implications of the findings and the limitations of the study. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) External variables Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Behavioral intention Actual system use Figure 1: The original Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a perfect model which show how users accept and use a technology. In (TAM) the main determinants of userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance of new technology are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) (Davis, 1989). Although (Chen and Barnes 2007; T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. 2006) found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and security and privacy affect customer adaptation intentions, Qureshi et al., (2008) claimed that Perceived usefulness, security and privacy are the main perusing factors to accept online banking system. Celik (2008) stated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are direct determinants of customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards using internet Banking. Traditional service quality and website features (PU, PEOU and PC) that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking (Yap, K et al. 2010). Aderonke and Charles. (2010) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ customers who are active users of e-Banking system use it because it is convenient, easy to use, time saving and appropriate for their transaction needs. Also the network security and the security of the system in terms of privacy are the major concerns of the users and constitute hindrance to intending users.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Yap, K et al. (2010) claimed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Traditional service quality and website features that give customers confidence build trust in e-banking.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Sadeghi and Hanzaee. (2010) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“According to the model of seven factors on the following dimensions: convenience, accessibility, accuracy, security, usefulness, bank image, and web site design. Some of these factors illustrate a significant statistical difference between males and femal es.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Safeena et al. (2009) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, consumer awareness and perceived risk are the important determinants of online banking adoption. These factors have a strong and positive effect on customers to accept online banking system.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“TAM beliefs and perceived risks (security, privacy, performance and social) have a direct influence on e-banking adoption. Trust appears as a key variable that reduces perceived risk. Involvement plays an important role in increasing perceived ease of use.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Riyadh et al. (2009) stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Seven variables affecting e-banking adoption by SMEs are identified. They are: organizational capabilities, perceived benefits, perceived credibility, perceived regulatory support, ICT industries readiness, lack of financial institutions readiness and institutional influence.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? A l-Somali et al. (2009) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ the quality of the Internet connection, the awareness of online banking and its benefits, the social influence and computer self-efficacy have significant effects on the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of online banking acceptance. Education, trust and resistance to change also have significant impact on the attitude towards the likelihood of adopting online banking.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008) noted that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude are significantly and positively related to customer adaptation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Hanudin Amin. (2007) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived credibility had a significant relationship with behavioral intention. Further, these measures are good determinant for undergraduate acceptance for internet banking. Results also suggest that PU and PEOU had a significant relationship with computer self-efficacy.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, ease of use, security, responsiveness and convenience significantly influence customer interactions with Internet e-banking. In particular, individuals would place a great emphasis on the security of Internet-based financial transactions. As a conventional practice, commercial banks and financial institutions must continuously review security policy and strengthen the security control of Internet e-bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all elements for ten identified factors are significant with respect to the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ adoption of e-banking services. Privacy and security are the major sources of dissatisfaction, which have momentously impacted usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ satisfaction. Meanwhile, accessibility, convenience, design and content are sources of satisfaction. Besides, the speed, produ ct features availability, and reasonable service fees and charges, as well as the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operations management factor are critical to the success of the e-banks. WAP, GPRS and 3G features from mobile devices are of no significance or influence in the adoption of e-banking services in this study. Results also reveal that privacy; security and convenience factors play an important role in determining the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acceptance of e-banking services with respect to different segmentation of age group, education level and income level.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Padachi et al. (2007) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the most significant factor is ease of use and that other important elements featured reluctance to change, trust and relationship in banker, cost of computers, internet accessibility, convenience of use, and security concerns.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007) pointed out that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived priv acy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize are the important antecedents to online initial trust. It is also discovered that different levels of trust propensity moderate perceptions toward the web site and online with respect to online initial trust, including perceived usefulness, perceived security, perceived privacy, perceived good reputation, and willingness to customize. Both online initial trust and familiarity with online purchasing have a positive impact on purchase intention.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? T.C. Edwin Cheng et al. (2006) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ intention of adoption of IB. This study contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? We analyzed the data using Structured Equatio n Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships, if any, among the constructs, which include Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Web Security as independent variables, Perceived Usefulness and Attitude as intervening variables, and Intention to Use as the dependent variable. The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers intention of adoption of IB Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) found that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“there was a correlation between respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards e-banking and their comfort level and feeling of security with regard to their age, level of education, and annual salary.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 2.1 Perceived ease of use (PEOU) Safeena et al. (2009), Jahangir N. and Begum N. (2008), Z Liao and WK Wong. (2008) and Amin. (2007) stated that perceived ease of use have a strong and positive influence on customers intention to adopt and use internet banking. 2.2 Perceived usefulness (PU) Several studies showed that perceived usefulness influence customer interactions with internet banking, which effect the adoption of e-banking services (Sadeghi and Hanzaee. 2010; Safeena et al. 2009; Al-Somali et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N. 2008; Hanudin Amin. 2007, Z Liao and WK Wong.2008 ). 2.3 Perceived credibility (PC) Previous research has shown that security and privacy are the most concern for consumer, which have a direct or indirect influence on e-banking adoption (Aderonke and Charles, 2010; Sadeghi and Hanzaee, 2010; Alda ´s-Manzano et al., 2009; Riyadh et al. 2009; Jahangir N. and Begum N., 2008; Z Liao and WK Wong., 2008). Privacy put barriers on using online services (Hernandez and Mazzon, 2007). Moreover, Wai-Ching Poon. (2008) and Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005) noted that privacy and security factors play an important role in determining the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acceptance of e-banking services with regard to age, education level and income level. 3.CHALLENGES 4.1 RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESES The model of the study is presented below: Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Perceived credibility Intention to use Electronic Banking The representation of the proposed framework depicted the pattern and structure of relationships between the set of the measured variables. The purpose of the study is to measure correlations among variables and then use it to identify whether any relationships exists between these measured variables or not. We will extended TAM and add PC into the framework to test the effect of these three factors on e-banking adaption. In the extended model of TAM study, like (Safeena et al. 2009; Alda ´s-Manzano et al. (2009); Hanudin Amin, 2007), the attitudes factor has been neglected to simplify the model. The present study investigated the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility and customer intention to use electronic banking in Bahrain. Here perceived usefulness, per ceived ease of use and perceived credibility, were being considered as independent variables and customer intention to use electronic banking was being considered as a dependent variable. Perceived usefulness According to the Davis (1989) and Davis et al. (1989), perceived usefulness is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Perceived usefulness is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception that using the new technology will enhance or improve her/his performanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Davis,1993). In Addition, Laforet and Li, (2005) and Eriksson et al., (2005) defined the term perceived usefulness as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the subjective probability that using the technology would improve the way a user could completeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. We hypothesize that People tend to use an application to the extent they believe it will aid their performance. H1: Perceived us efulness (PU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived ease of use According to Davis (1989) perceived ease of use refers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. The most significant factor on adoption Internet Banking is ease of use. (Padachi et al., 2007). Hence an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. And By applying these to electronic banking context we can hypothesize that: H2: Perceived ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. Perceived Credibility Perceived credibility is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the degree to which a user feels the certainty and pleasant consequences of using an electronic application service, when there is no financial risk, physical risk, functional risk, social risk, time-loss risk, opportunity cost risk, and informatio n riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Jacoby and Kaplan (1972). However, (Ganesan,1994) present another definition of PC stating it as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the extent to which one partner believes that the other partner has the required expertise to perform the job effectively and reliably.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? PC is usually impersonal and relies on reputation, information and economic reasoning (Ba and Pavlou,2002). Wang et al. (2003) stated that perceived credibility is consists of two important elements namely privacy and security, which affect directly consumer adaptation of electronic banking systems. Security refers to the protection of information or systems from unauthorized intrusions (Egwali, 2008). For the purpose of this research, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perceived credibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (PC) is defined as usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ perception of protection of their transaction details and personal data against unauthorized access. Therefore, for studying the effect of perceived credibility on userà ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance in Bahrain electronic banking services, we pose the following hypothesis to determine it effect on userà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention H3: perceived credibility has positive effect on customer Intention to use Electronic banking. 4. Methodology To assess the factors influencing the intention to use internet banking in Bahrain, a survey was conducted during the last quarter of year 2010. A Questionnaire were designed and distributed to retail users of banking services of different age group and of different educational level attained across the island. Survey Instrument The questionnaire we prepared for this exercise was divided into 2 sections. The first section concentrates on the general profile of the respondent including his/her age group, education level and profession and income group. In the second section we were interested in finding the factors affecting the customer intention to use internet banking in Bahrain. The respondents were provided with a list of 10 questions; 4 questions on perceived usefulness, 2 questions on perceived ease of use, 3 questions on perceived credibility and finally 1 question on intention to use. The participants were asked to indicate their perception on a likert scales (1 - 5) with response ranging from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strongly disagreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strongly agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The collected data were analyzed based on correlation and regression analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17computer program. Data collection The questionnaires were distributed directly among the customers through the researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ friends and relatives, a sample of 400 people was randomly chosen from the Bahraini community, all participants were bank customers selected randomly from universities, malls, Internet cafÃÆ' ©s and businessmen from private and public sectors. Also A digital online form was created using Google Documents in the same questionnaire style, Then the link was shared and publicized to Bahrainià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through email as well as posting it on discussion forums. Once a subject would answer the questionnaire, the raw data will automatically be logged in a spreadsheet which can be only accessed and downloaded by the researcher. Since the questionnaire form was to be submitted online it guaranteed two things: First, it targeted people who really access the internet. Second, because all questions are need to be answered before submitting. The collection of data will be done automatically, efficiently and there wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be any loss of data The questionnaire we prepared and used had been pre-tested initially with a few number of people (5 users) working in different sectors to ensure consistency, clarity and relevance to the Bahraini case, Minor changes (related to the questions content, wording, sequence) were requested by those people, which we implemented before carrying out the final copy. A total of 200 useable responses were obtained yielding a response rate of 50% (200/400). Demographic profile of respondents: variable category Frequency Valid Percentage Age 18 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 25 25 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 35 35 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 45 45 yrs and above Gender Male Female Education Secondary and below Diploma Bachelor High studies Occupation Government sector Private Sector Self-employment Others Monthly Income in BD Less than 500 500-1000 1000 and above Assumptions or Limitations For this research, the following limitation existed in the collection of data, the survey assumed that the respondents have some familiarity with banks and banking transactions and have been exposed to or have knowledge of the existence of e-banking alternatives. For these responses in particular, it was difficult to ensure the true validity of the responses or the identity of the respondent. 5. RESULTS OF THE STUDY 6. DISCUSSION 7. CONCLUSION REFERENCES Aderonke and Charles. (2010). An Empirical Investigation of the Level of Usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Acceptance of E-Banking in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol. 15 (1). Al-Somali, S.A., Gholami, R. and Clegg, B.(2009). An investigation into the acceptance of online banking in Saudi Arabia. Technovation, vol. 29, pp.130-141. Al Nahian Riyadh, Md. Shahriar Akter , Nayeema Islam. (2009). The adoption of e-banking in developing countries: A theoretical model for SMEs. International Review of Business Research Papers, vol. 5 (6), pp.212-230. Ba, S. and Pavlou, P.A (2002). Evidence of the effect of trust building technology in electronic market: price premiums and buyer behavior.MIS Quarterly, vol. 26 (3), pp. 243-68. Celik, H. (2008). What Determines Turkish customers acceptance of internet banking? International Journal of Bank Marketing. Vol. 26 (5): 353-370. Chen, Y. H. and Barnes, S. (2007), Initial Trust and Online Buyer Behaviour, Industrial Ma nagement Data Systems, 107(1): 21-36. Davis, F. D. (1989), Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology, MIS Quarterly,13 (3): 319-339. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. and Warshaw, P. R. (1989), User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models, Management Science, 35(8): 982-1003. Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,38, 475-487. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1109-1130. Egwali A. O., Customer Perception of Security Indicators in Online Banking Sites in Nigeria, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2008, vol. 13, no.3. Eriksson K, Kerem K, Nilsson D (2005). Customer acceptance of internet banking in Estonia, International Journal of Bank Market, vol. 23 (2), pp. 200-216. Ganesan, S.(1994), Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol.58 (2), pp.1-19 Hanudin Amin (2007). Internet Banking Adoption Among Young Intellectuals. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2007, vol. 12 (3) Jacoby, J., Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research, College Park, MD. Joaquin Alda ´s-Manzano, Carlos Lassala-Navarre, Carla Ruiz-Mafe and Silvia Sanz-Blas. (2009). Key drivers of internet banking services use , Online Information Review, Vol. 33 (4), pp. 672-695. Laforet S, Li X (2005). Consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China. International Journal Bank Market vol. 23 (5), pp. 362-380. Moutaz Abou-Robieh. (2005). A Study of E-Banking Security Perceptions and Custom er Satisfaction Issues. Nadim Jahangir and Noorjahan Begum. (2008). The role of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security and privacy, and customer attitude to engender customer adaptation in the context of electronic banking. African Journal of Business Management, vol.2 (1), pp. 032-040. Padachi, Rojid, Seetanah.(2007). Analyzing the Factors that Influence the Adoption of Internet Banking in Mauritius. Patrick, T. (2002). Corporate Privacy Credibility Crumbles. Computer world, March, 4(10). Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karijaluoto, H. and Pahnila, S. (2004), Customer acceptance of on-line banking: an extension of the technology acceptance model, Internet Research, vol. 14(3), pp. 224-235 Qureshi, T.M., Zafar, M.K and Khan, M.B. (2008). Customer Acceptance of Online Banking in Developing Economies. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, Vol. 13 (1). Safeena, Abdullah and Hema. ( 2010). Customer Perspectives on E-business Value: Case Stud y on Internet Banking. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol. 15 (1). Seth, N., S.G. Deshmukh and P. Vrat, 2004. Service quality models: A review, International Journal Quality and Reliability Management, vol. 22(9), pp. 36-51. T.C. Edwin Cheng, David Y.C. Lam and Andy C.L. Yeung. (2006) Adoption of internet banking: An empirical study in Hong Kong. Decision Support Systems, vol. 42 (3), pp 1558-1572 Tooraj Sadeghi and Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee. (2010). Customer satisfaction factors (CSFs) with online banking services in an Islamic country I.R. Iran. Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 1 (3), pp. 249-267 Wai-Ching Poon . (2008). Usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ adoption of e-banking services. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 23 (1), pp. 59-69 Wang, Y., Lin, H., Tang, T. (2003). Determinants of user acceptance of internet banking: an empirical study. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(5), 501-519 Yap, K., D. Wong, C. Loh, and R. Bak (2010). Offline and online banking where to draw the line when building trust in e-banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(1), p.27-46 Z Liao and WK Wong. ( 2008). The determinants of customer interactions with internet-enabled e-banking services. Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 59 (9).

History of Mexican Independence Day September 16

Mexico celebrates its independence every September 16 with parades, festivals, feasts, parties and more. Mexican flags are everywhere and the main plaza in Mexico City is packed. But what’s the history behind the date of September 16? Prelude to Independence Long before 1810, Mexicans had begun to chafe under Spanish rule. Spain kept a stranglehold on her colonies, only permitting them limited trade opportunities and generally appointing Spaniards (as opposed to native-born Creoles) to important colonial posts. To the north, the United States had won its independence decades before, and many Mexicans felt they could, too. In 1808, Creole patriots saw their chance when Napoleon invaded Spain and imprisoned Ferdinand VII. This allowed Mexican and South American rebels to set up their own governments and yet claim loyalty to the imprisoned Spanish King. Conspiracies In Mexico, the creoles decided the time had come for independence. It was a dangerous business, however. There might have been chaos in Spain, but the mother country still controlled the colonies. In 1809-1810 there were several conspiracies, most of which were found out and the conspirators harshly punished. In Querà ©taro, an organized conspiracy including several prominent citizens was preparing to make its move at the end of 1810. The leaders included parish priest Father Miguel Hidalgo, Royal army officer Ignacio Allende , government official Miguel Dominguez, cavalry captain Juan Aldama and others. The date of October 2 was selected for the insurrection against Spain to begin. El Grito de Dolores In early September, however, the conspiracy began to unravel. The plot had been found out and one by one the conspirators were being rounded up by colonial officials. On September 15, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo heard the bad news: the jig was up and the Spanish were coming for him. On the morning of the 16th, Hidalgo took to the pulpit in the town of Dolores and made a shocking announcement: he was taking up arms against the tyrannies of the Spanish government and his parishioners were all invited to join him. This famous speech became known as El Grito de Dolores  or the Cry of Dolores. Within hours Hidalgo had an army: a large, unruly, poorly armed but resolute mob. March to Mexico City Hidalgo, assisted by military man Ignacio Allende, led his army towards Mexico City. Along the way, they laid siege to the town of Guanajuato and fought off the Spanish defense at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. By November he was at the gates of the city itself, with an angry army large enough to take it. Yet Hidalgo inexplicably retreated, perhaps turned aside by fears of a large Spanish army coming to reinforce the city. Fall of Hidalgo In January 1811, Hidalgo and Allende were routed at the Battle of Calderon Bridge by a much smaller but better-trained Spanish army. Forced to flee, the rebel leaders, along with some others, were soon captured. Allende and Hidalgo were both put to death in June and July of 1811. The peasant army had disbanded and it looked as if Spain had reasserted control over its unruly colony. Independence is Won One of Hidalgo’s captains, Josà © Marà ­a Morelos, took up the banner of independence and fought until his own capture and execution in 1815. He was in turn succeeded by his lieutenant, Vicente Guerrero,  and rebel leader Guadalupe Victoria, who fought for six more years. Finally, in 1821, they reached an agreement with turncoat royal officer Agustà ­n de Iturbide which allowed for Mexico’s definitive liberation in September of that year. Independence Celebrations September 16 is one of Mexicos most important holidays. Every year, local mayors and politicians re-enact the famous Grito de Dolores. In Mexico City, thousands congregate in the Zà ³calo, or main square, on the night of the 15th to hear the President ring the same bell that Hidalgo did and recite the Grito de Dolores. The crowd roars, cheers and chants, and fireworks light up the sky. On the 16th, every city and town all over Mexico celebrates with parades, dances, and other civic festivals. Most Mexicans celebrate by hanging flags all over their home and spending time with family. A feast is usually involved. If the food can be made red, white and green (like the Mexican Flag) all the better! Mexicans that live abroad bring their celebrations with them. In US cities with large Mexican populations, such as Houston or Los Angeles, there are parties and celebrations—youll probably need a reservation to eat at any popular Mexican restaurant that day! Some people mistakenly believe that Cinco de Mayo, or May Fifth, is Mexicos independence day. Thats not correct.  Cinco de Mayo actually celebrates the unlikely Mexican victory over the French at the Battle of Puebla in 1862. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence. 1st Edition, Harry N. Abrams, September 1, 2000. Lynch, John. The Spanish American revolutions, 1808-1826. Revolutions in the modern world, Hardcover, Norton, 1973.

Sin and Redemption of Scarlet Letter Essay - 1146 Words

Sin and Redemption: The Transformations of Prynne, Chillingsworth, and Dimmesdale In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† Hawthorne presents the consequences of sin as an important aspect in the lives of Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingsworth, and Arthur Dimmesdale. The sin committed, adultery, between Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale had resulted in the birth of their innocent little girl, Pearl. This sin ruined the three main characters’ lives completely in different ways. With the sin committed, there were different ways the characters reacted to it: embracing the sin, concealing the sin, and becoming obsessed and consumed with it. With each reaction to the sin there were also different actions of redemption. The sin of adultery and the power to†¦show more content†¦The letter went from a â€Å"badge of shame as an adulterer to a â€Å"symbol of her calling† as being able to help others in need (111). All of her hard work and determination allowed her to succeed and the townspeople embraced her and spoke good words of her, saying she was â€Å"so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, [and] so comfortable to the afflicted† (111). Though she committed adultery and went through a great deal of public humiliation, she did not let it destroy her. Instead she embraced her sin and was able to redeem herself through hard work and determination. The sin of hypocrisy and secrecy is represented through the character, Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale, the minister of the town, got a married woman pregnant and concealed the fact that he did from the rest of the townspeople for many years. In the beginning of the novel, the townspeople viewed Dimmesdale’s â€Å"eloquence and religious fervor† as bringing a positive innocent man to the town (46). Though he portrays an outwardly goodness about him, he truly is mendacious on the inside. His guilty conscience caused him to become extremely sickly. The townspeople believed that Dimmesdale’s health â€Å"had suffered severely, of late, by his too unreserved self-sacrifice to the labors and duties of the pastoral relation† (74). Truthfully though, the young minister was â€Å"pale, and holding his hand over his heart† as a clue of is suffering from hiding his sin (78). Later, it isShow MoreRelatedAlienation From Sin, And Redemption In The Scarlet Letter B y Nathaniel Hawthorne1883 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many themes to form the plot. Three prominent themes throughout the novel are sin and its consequences, alienation from self and society, and redemption. Adulteress Hester Prynne wears a scarlet letter at all times, her lover Dimmesdale becomes mentally and physically sick from his guilt, and her husband Roger Chillingworth ruins his life by only seeking for revenge. Hawthorne uses many symbols through the novel to showcase the powerful beliefsRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Scarlet Effect1551 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of the Scarlet Letter on Dimmesdale The scarlet letter is the Puritan’s method of broadcasting Hester’s sin to the world, but it also has an internal effect on Dimmesdale. Puritanism is a strict religion where pleasure is strictly forbidden and is punishable. When Hester Prynne is discovered to have committed adultery, she is forced to wear a scarlet A, which is short for ‘adultery’. When this is first revealed, Hester stands in the jail carrying baby Pearl and, with the people jeering, isRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And The Making Of A Pearl892 Words   |  4 PagesSarah Thompson Mr. Carter English III 7 November 2017 The Scarlet Letter and the Making of a Pearl Every pearl begins as a dangerous and harsh intrusion into life. A piece of dirt is inserted into an oyster’s environment where it doesn’t belong. The oyster can either respond by dying, or by accepting and surrounding the sand with care. With continual care, the oyster turns the small speck of dirt into a beautiful pearl. The Scarlet Letter is a story of how one woman takes a scandalous event and ratherRead MoreWhat Is the Moral of the Scarlet Letter Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pages The scarlet letter is a text written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 a fictional work which tells about the history of England during the puritan age and the story of women named Hester Prynne. The author feels this text as a romantic work because the text includes about love and the adulteress. The text involves facts and fiction of the author such as the â€Å"Custom-House is a fact and real, while the author was working as a surveyor in the Salem custom house inRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne928 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Hathorne. The Scarlet Letter (1850) is a book about a woman in a Puritan society named Hester Prynne who committed adultery while her older husband was away and is forced to wear the Scarlett letter on her chest. Redemption is a constant theme throughout the book with his main characters Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl. Hawthorne uses Hester as an expression of rebellion of Puritan ways by how she is forced to wear the letter on her chest which gives her the feeling of redemption although it doesn’tRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 10, 2014 A Sin is a Sin Nathaniel Hawthorne was a brilliant writer of the 19th century. Hawthorne created a novel that reflected the time period of the Puritans in New England. The Scarlet Letter contains a representation of the people during that time period but can also be related to the reader’s time period. Originally, God created the world with complete perfection until man fell, and sin entered the world. In the eyes of God, a sin is a sin. There is no worse sin that one can commitRead MoreScarlet Letter Sin Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits a sin by sleeping with the town’s minister, Arthur Dimmesdale. At first, Hesters daughter, Pearl, acts as a constant reminder of her sin. Later, Pearl is transformed into a symbol of innocence. Finally, Pearl redeems Hester from her sin. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlet Letter, Pearl is recognized as a symbol of sin, innocence, and redemption. Hawthorne demonstrates in The Scarlet Letter how Pearl is a symbol of sin. Pearl is Hester Prynne’sRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1153 Words   |  5 Pages i. 1. The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a romantic novel that takes place in sixteenth century Boston, Massachusetts. 2. As a romantic novel, it focuses on the various relationships between the characters and the drastic experiences caused by the scarlet letter between the four main characters being Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingsworth, and Pearl Prynne, with the condemnation of the Puritan society 3. The unknown narrator follows the novel’s main antagonistRead MoreEssay on Hester Prynne1260 Words   |  6 Pages Hester Prynne nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nathaniel Hawthorneamp;#8217;s The Scarlet Letter, a dark tale of sin and redemption,centers around the small Puritan community of Boston during the 17th century. In the midst of this small community is Hester Prynne. She is a woman that has defied the Puritans, taken the consequences and in the end conformed with the Puritans. It did, however, take great effort to settle down and become a women of honor again. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hester PrynneRead MoreAnalysis of Sin in The Scarlet Letter1393 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"He that falls into sin is a man; that grieves at it, is a saint; that boasteth of it, is a devil† (Thomas Fuller). Every human being who has lived has sinned. As such, sin cannot be judged or punished merely for the act. Rather, other considerations should be taken into account. Sin is a universal concept of imperfect behavior independent of religious affiliation and is practiced universally. The range of acts and thoughts covered by sin is vast; Hawthorne critically explores the strict, inflexible

An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan Free Essays

string(80) " decreased costs to operators, shippers, and the traveling public \(Destler, p\." John Pierpont Morgan (1837 – 1931) is one of the more controversial figures in the history of America and the world of finance. Described as a sui generis, a colossus (McCallum, p. 2), â€Å"the organizer† (Miller, 2003), â€Å"banker of last resort† (Andrews, 1999), and â€Å"the man of the hour† (Corey, p. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan or any similar topic only for you Order Now 348), John Pierpont Morgan has also been called a â€Å"robber baron† (Andrews, 1999). Thus, it is evident that J. P. Morgan was a man who was as much praised for his actions in saving the American economy during the 1895 and 1907 crises, as he was criticized and derided for what was seen as his calculated control of the financial world and American business. Viewed from the lens of financial history, however, there can be little doubt that no person, either before or since, has left â€Å"upon the great art of money getting so important an influence.† (Flynn, p. 452) Indeed, Morgan†s acumen in finance and business is clearly illustrated by the fact that the U.S. government had to set up a whole array of government institutions, from the Federal Reserve to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Transportation, to carry out the market stabilizing functions that Morgan had once assumed (Andrews, 1999). But perhaps, the biggest testimony to Morgan†s financial astuteness and power lies in the role he assumed as defacto central banker in 1907. For, there can be little doubt that J. P. Morgan single-handedly rescued the American economic system from falling into disarray. The key to understanding how one man could possibly act as the defacto central banker for as democratic, large and influential a country like the United States, lies in not so much analyzing the actual event, but in J. P. Morgan†s personal history. For, only such an approach could possible explain how he possessed the financial power to avert the collapse of one of the richest banking systems in the world. John Pierpont Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut on April 17, 1837. The son of a rich commodity broker, Morgan was exposed to the world of finance and business from an early age (1000 Management Giants, 1999). Interestingly, call it sheer coincidence or the hand of destiny, the day of Morgan†s birth saw all the banks in New York suspending specie (currency) payment, with banks in Hartford following suit the next day. Thus, as Flynn (p. 462) points out, the future money king came into the world amid the din of crashing banks. Environmental influences may have played a role in instilling in the young Morgan an early interest in business. However, it appears that Morgan also had a natural interest in and gift for figures. For, even as a child, he is reputed to have kept a meticulous account detailing the receipt and expenditure of his allowance (1000 Management Giants, 1999). Further, this early interest was no fluke since he repeatedly proved his prowess with figures in both school and college. So much so, that his high school teacher is reported to have called him a prodigy after witnessing Morgan†s ability to mentally solve problems in cubic root and decimals. But perhaps the greater compliment to Morgan†s mathematical ability came when the University of Gottingen offered the graduate student Morgan, a professor†s chair in mathematics (Flynn, p. 454, 464). Fortunately for the business world, and unfortunately for the mathematical one, Morgan refused. Morgan entered the business of finance in 1857 as an accountant in the New York based Duncan, Sherman and Company. Morgan†s first job, as well as the work he did with his father†s international firm, gave him a unique perspective on specie standardization necessity for credit and commerce (obits.com). It is also interesting to note that Morgan began his career in a year of panic, just as he began his life amidst the din of crashing banks. But, perhaps this was a fortuitous start since, as Geisst (p. 89) observes, the panic of 1857 proved to be a fertile training ground for many future financiers. In Morgan†s case, this was probably true since he later demonstrated that he knew the value of financial stability and solidity. Besides the valuable learnings of the initial years, the civil war that followed must also have taught Morgan a great deal in terms of identifying business opportunities in downturns, the effect of war on monetary policy and credit, and most important, the role of courage, confidence, and faith in taking business decisions. In fact, this probably accounts for one of Morgan†s most famous sayings, â€Å"Remember, my son, that any man who is a bear on the future of this country will go broke.† (McCallum, p. 2) Morgan proved his abilities in business very early. For, it is apparent that he quickly learnt the financial ropes to become an increasingly influential member of the firm, Dabney, Morgan Company (1864-1871), before moving on to become a partner in Drexel, Morgan Co. In fact, it was the latter firm that grew to be recognized as one of the world†s most powerful financial institutions, both before and after it came to be known as J. P. Morgan Co. in 1895 (Netstate, 2005). The reputation of J. P. Morgan Co. was primarily earned in the decade 1879-89 when the House of Morgan consolidated its financial power and developed the institutionalized mechanism for the control of investment resources and of industry. Indeed, this is evident in the fact that by 1889, J.P. Morgan had secured control of many important railroads by virtue of his use of new forms and functions of finance such as the formation of trusts, acquisitions and mergers. In fact, this is when â€Å"Morganization,† or the control of finance over industry, and consequently, the centralization of industry and finance, was first established (Corey, p. 131-2). Morgan†s interest in consolidating the railroads, however, was not just for profit reasons. He was genuinely interested in achieving stabilization in the interests of the American economy. Therefore, he improved railroad properties and services, increased safety and efficiency, and decreased costs to operators, shippers, and the traveling public (Destler, p. You read "An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan" in category "Essay examples" 39; Moody, p. 134; Wagenknecht, p. 56). Morgan achieved this through providing the railways with enormous amounts of capital, which they needed for investment. More important, he put a stop to all price wars, thereby prevented likely bankruptcies, ensuring in the process that the capital was put to good use (Andrews, 1999). Much like his interests in the railways, Morgan also invested in consolidating other core sector businesses such as steel and power. For instance, he funded Thomas Edison in setting up the Edison General Electric Company. He later acquired and merged Thomas Houston Electrical with Edison to form General Electric in 1892, to emerge as the controlling force in the power industry (Geisst, p. 115) Similarly, by 1901, he had created U.S. Steel, North America†s first billion dollar company (McCallum, p. 2). Morgan achieved this through merging his Federal Steel Company with Andrew Carnegie†s Carnegie Steel Company (obits.com). After the merger, he then proceeded to offer the public the largest to date stock offering of $1.4 billion (Geisst, p. 115-6). However, much like the railways, Morgan†s principal reason for taking an interest in the steel industry was his goal of achieving a stable American economy through stabilization and prevention of violent fluctuations, which the steel industry in particular was subject to. This, Morgan felt, was a critical task because such fluctuations invariably resulted in creating periods of inflation and depression for many other industries, which were dependent on steel (Weinberg, p. 148). The key to Morgan†s success in amassing wealth and financial control lay in his ability to mobilize funds, overseas and at home, for the various trusts he controlled. In the absence of a central bank, these trusts quickly gained in clout as financiers and bankers aided and contributed to the consolidation of many smaller, innovative companies by merging them into industrial giants (Geisst, p. 124). Therefore, it is hardly surprising that J.P. Morgan Co., First National, and National City Bank, a trio dominated by Morgan, held a total of 341 directorships in 112 companies with aggregate capital resources (in money of the day) of between $ 22-25 million in 1912 (Andrews, 1999; Wagenknecht, p.50). Thus, Morgan†s path to success explains the colossal power he possessed in the financial and business circles of America. So much so, that even the U.S. government turned to him for help on several occasions. One such occasion was in 1985, when the U.S. Treasury was facing a rapidly melting gold reserve. Morgan responded promptly by organizing a syndicate, which supplied the U.S. government with $62 million dollars in gold. This timely action shored up the reserves to a safe limit of $100 million and probably saved the dollar (McCallum, p. 2; Wagenknecht, p. 55). This action, plus the indisputable power of his holdings, makes it evident that by 1907, J. P. Morgan was seen as the first among equals in American finance and industry. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that Wall Street, banks, trusts, and the government turned to him when banks began failing in 1907. There were several factors that precipitated the 1907 banking crisis. The chief of these was the rampant speculation that took place between 1905 and 1906 in the background of a prosperous economy, easy credit, and low interest rates (Moody, p. 134-6). To make matters worse, businesspersons such as F. A. Heinze and C. W. Morse regularly used the shares and resources of banks they owned to buy shares in other banks, or finance their more speculative undertakings (Cahill, 1998; Corey; p. 339-40; Moody, p. 138-141). The unchecked and unregulated American financial system of that era did not help matters any, giving speculators free rein to speculate in rail, copper, and indeed, any issue which Wall Street threw their way, no matter how unsound (Corey, p. 339; Moody, p. 135-6). The first signs of warning of an overheated economy and a bubble actually came in 1906 when Wall Street demand loans and merchant†s discounts began commanding the highest rate in more than 30 years. In fact, in September 1906, New York banks reported a deficit in reserves, leading to the U.S. Treasury depositing government surplus funds in banks (Noyes, p. 357). The action of the U.S. Treasury, however, only resulted in a brief respite. For, in March 1907, prices crashed on the New York Stock Exchange with reports of slackening production and earnings. The situation was further aggravated when large financiers were forced to liquidate their â€Å"indigestible securities† (Corey, p. 340) by a liquidity crisis (Moody, p. 142; Cahill, 1998). This second mini-crisis was once again averted due to the intervention of the U.S. Treasury, high money rates drawing gold from Europe, and funds returning to New York post the end of the crop season (Moody, p. 143). These stop gap measures, however, did not address the real issue, namely, speculation and unregulated financing of businesses. Thus, in October 1907, when the shares of United Copper collapsed due to Heinze†s attempts to corner them, it led to the collapse of a prominent brokerage firm run by his brother, the Heinze controlled Butte (Montana) Savings Bank and the Mercantile National Bank (Corey, p. 340-1; Moody, p. 144). The New York Clearing House Committee agreed to bail out Mercantile to restore depositor confidence. However, the action failed to do so, owing to a ripple effect that occurred once the committee publicized its findings on Heinze and Morse†s speculative activities. This ripple effect led to a run on several banks and trusts such as the Knickerbocker Trust associated with Heinze and Morse (Corey, p. 340; Cahill, 1998). From this point, the panic spread to the rest of the country owing to a loss of confidence in the economy and the American system. In addition, the accompanying credit and liquidity squeeze only deepened the crisis. The collapse of the Heinz and Morse controlled empire and the subsequent run on banks led to financial forces coming together rather automatically under Morgan†s leadership. Even the U.S. government looked to Morgan to solve the problem, with Secretary of the Treasury, George Cortelyou, rushing to New York to confer with Morgan and his associate financiers. In the absence of a central banking institution, Morgan had no choice but to step in and do what he could in an improvised and dictatorial style. In fact, Morgan was the only man in a position who could do so. For, J. P. Morgan Co. was in sound condition, having learnt the importance of maintaining a high degree of liquidity from previous experiences (Corey, p. 341-2). In any case, Morgan was known for his conservatism and aversion to speculation (Destler, p. 53; Wagenknecht, p. 56). Therefore, if anyone could be trusted to see America safely through its latest crisis, it was J. P. Morgan. Morgan rose to the occasion admirably. While banks crashed and investors panicked, Morgan mobilized the available money in the banking system and trusts, along with the $25 million handed over by the Treasury, to distribute to the banks and other financial institutions. In addition, J. P. Morgan Co. announced that it would anticipate all interest and dividend payments payable through the firm (Corey, p. 343-44; Geisst, p. 119). Morgan also stepped in at every crucial juncture of the crisis. For instance, Morgan organized a pool of $ 3 million to prevent the Trust Company of America failing. Similarly, when the New York Stock Exchange showed signs of a financial collapse under the weight of all the margin selling that the trusts and banks were forced into, Morgan bailed out the institution by quickly mobilizing a $25 million pledge of funds (Geisst, p. 119-120). Morgan†s role in the bank crisis of 1907 led to the press hailing him as America†s savior and â€Å"man of the hour.† (Geisst, p. 120; Corey, p. 348). Unfortunately, however, criticism soon followed with accusations ranging from his having engineered the crisis for profiteering purposes to being a robber baron. This led to the Federal government setting up the Pujo commission in 1912 to investigate Morgan†s suspected violations of anti-trust laws. The experience, in fact, is said to have broken Morgan who thereafter chose to retire. Morgan died in Rome on August 31, 1931. When he died, he left behind a legacy in investment banking and finance that is revered till today. The debates on Morgan†s motives may go on. But there is one fact that cannot be contested. And, that is, that he single-handedly saved America from one of its worst financial crises. How to cite An Overview of the Works of John Pierpont Morgan, Essay examples

The luncheon free essay sample

A friendly intention of taking an friendout to lunch can result in important situations about oneself not experienced in other events. This comes to the forefront in Somerset W. Maughams anecdotal short story The Luncheon. The young protagonist, a writer, learns he should not be too generous for fear of being taken advantage of after feeling humiliated and angry because he took a pretentious woman out to lunch. The elements of structure, vivid imagery, symbols and style help to develop the acquaintances personality and the protagonists feelings from excitement to anger while also delineating to which extent the protagonists perception of things has changed for his own good. Structure is important to the evolution of the protagonists personal feelings. Initially, the protagonists feels flattered and excited that he has been asked by an older woman to take her out to lunch in one of the fanciest and most expensive restaurants in Paris. We will write a custom essay sample on The luncheon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although his financial situation worries him, he wants to please his acquaintance. However, when she begins to order many expensive items, he first worries about how he will pay the bill. Then, he feels humiliated for being used to satisfy her expensive food tastes only. Next, her insensitive discourse angers him: I see that youre in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. [the protagonist ate only a mutton chop]. Im sure its a mistake. Why dont you follow my example and just eat one thing? Im sure youd feel ever so much better for it. However, he replies sarcastically, I am only going to eat one thing. Finally, the only solution for him is to not care about her and to be as mean to her as she was to him, whenever possible. His final statement shows that he has had his revenge at last Today she weighs twenty one stone. Vivid imagery and symbols help reveal the protagonists feelings and his acquaintances personality. Several times throughout the story, his acquaintance states, I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. The luncheon is symbolic of the concept of the survival of the fittest. On the one hand, his acquaintance possesses a manipulating and insincere personality, while the protagonist is good, kind, and pleasing. As a result, she gets what she wants while the protagonist must pay the price for taking such a person out to lunch because he is a good person. the color white in  the image of her white large teeth and French white wines suggests her cold personality (Jobes 1676). The salmon she eats reveals an abundance in the food items she eats (Jobes 1391) pointing to her extravagant personality. The caviar represents her delicate connoisseur tastes (de Vries 89). Even her age she is forty is significant in that a woman is a devil at forty (de Vries 200), so that it can be concluded she possesses a devilish nature. The symbolic number one in the acquaintances ironic statement, I never eat more than one thing for luncheon possesses several qualities evident of her character. It suggests boldness, consciousness and self-centeredness (Jobes 1209). The latter is the most significant because all she cares about is getting the food she wants. By referring to the head waiter as having a priest-like face and a false face, the protagonist emphasizes his anger about his financial means. In essence, the waiter and the acquaintance are performing rituals and acting on behalf of their best interests. The acquaintance pursues eating while the waiter expects a fine tip. Style, too, confirms the acquaintances personality as well as the protagonists illumination. The protagonist, being a down to earth and honest man is not convinced by her contradictory statements and therefore, doesnt care about her. On the other hand, the protagonists style of speaking is sincere and honest even during his angry moments. At the end when the acquaintance says, Never eat more than one thing for luncheon he emotionally releases himself by retorting, Ill eat nothing for dinner tonight! His second release though less stormy, happens when he complacently says, Today she weighs twenty one stone. These statements confirm he is no longer flattered by her. Style, vivid imagery and symbols as well as structure help develop the protagonists initial child-like feelings of flattery and excitement to disgust and anger due to the unfortunate sequence of events causes by his insensitive acquaintance. These elements also create a cold picture of his acquaintances personality. However, as he realizes what is happening to him during the course of events, he matures. The moral implications behind the short story The Luncheon are the thoughtful steps involved when one  commits oneself to taking a stranger out to lunch. Works Cited De Vries, Ad. Dictionary of symbols and Imagery. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co, 1974. Jobes, Gertrude. Dictionary of Mythology Folklore and Symbols. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1962. The Luncheon by W. Somerset Maugham [Maugham, W. Somerset (1977). Collected Short Stories: Volume 1. Penguin Classics, pp. 97-100.