Palliative and Hospice for End of Life Care Essay

The notion of death and the process of dying are often experienced as tragedies, especially in the western culture. Thus, the medical model of care performed in our western culture includes life-saving measures and curative treatments. However, there may be a time in a person’s life when a cure may no longer be an option. That is the time when palliative or hospice care can step in to afford the patient and the family the opportunity to maximize the remaining time spent together. This paper will compare and contrast palliative care with the hospice model. In addition, end-of-life care related to physical well-being, psychological well-being, social well-being, and spiritual well-being will be addressed based on my experience as a student nurse with Hospice of San Joaquin. Finally, the views of end-of-life care will be discussed as it relates to the hospice model. Palliative care and hospice care share a common thread. They are both models of care that take a holistic and individualized approach to anticipate and alleviate the symptoms and suffering that arise from chronic and terminal illnesses (Witt Sherman, D. , & Cheon, J. , 2012). They both encompass the patient and family as the center of care and provide comprehensive assessments and comfort measures to patients with terminal illnesses. The care continues past the death of the patient and can continue into the bereavement period for family. Hospice will continue to support the bereaved family up to one year past the death of the patient (Hospice of San Joaquin, 2010). Both models utilize an interdisciplinary approach to care with team members that include physicians, nurses, social workers, spiritual members, massage therapists, and home health aids and others. Palliative care can be utilized during any time during the course of an illness and disease process. The cost of cure can be extensive and both palliative and hospice care limit medical interventions that can significantly increase healthcare costs. Data substantiating improved quality of life for the patient and the families as well as improved coordination of care have been identified as valuable outcomes in both palliative and hospice care (Hospice of San Joaquin, 2010). Both models allow for services to be provided in the home, in extended care facilities, hospitals, and community home-based programs and outpatient clinics (Witt Sherman, D. , & Cheon, J. , 2012). The differences between the programs are centered on the time the care is available. Palliative care is available during any point of the illness from time of diagnosis through the bereavement period for families. In addition, palliative care may be offered while life-prolonging treatments are being administered (Witt Sherman, D. & Cheon, J. , 2012). Hospice care is available during the end of life and typically, but not always, takes place the last six months of the patient’s life. If the dying process exceeds six months, hospice care can be suspended and restarted when the patient’s life expectancy falls below six months (Hospice of San Joaquin, 2010). Hospice care may be offered in all settings previously mentioned, as well as hospice units and residential hospices (Witt Sherman, D. , & Cheon, J. , 2012).

Hermeneutic Gaps in “Young Goodman Brown”

1) Explain the hermeneutic gaps to be found in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and in â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death. † See A Study Guide for American Literature to 1900, page 99. As readers, we come across pieces of information that are deliberately withheld by the writer. These information or hermeneutic gaps can range from trivial details to crucial parts of the texts that become the main interest of the reading process. Gaps can both be temporary and resolved at some point of the story or permanent and remain unsolved even after the end.Permanent gaps exist both in the story and in the text, for the information is never given and readers must take a dynamic participation to â€Å"reconstruct† and make the text signify. Gaps enhance interest and curiosity, add suspense and contribute to achieve later maximum impact. Both Hawthorne as well as Poe, supreme masters of the narrative techniques handle hermeneutic gaps brilliantly. Within â€Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⠂¬ , Hawthorne deals with Good and Evil resorting to allegorical features and intermingling gaps, both temporary and permanent.The voyage this young man takes through a gloomy, spectral forest, his companion with the serpent-like staff and even Faith? s pink ribbons stand as temporary gaps that hold our interest in the story. The final question we are left with (Was it a dream? ), is a good example of a permanent gap that leads us to examine many elements that will, in another level , stand as symbols of a deeper degree of significance. Poe gives us a new approach to fiction highlighting the importance of Aesthetics and condemning didacticism. The â€Å"Art for Art? sake† concept is a big step towards the New Criticism theory in which the text should stand out for its own, without considering the circumstances that deal with its composition and/or the particularities of the authors’ biographies.In this new esthetic criterion, which foreshadows the later known Close An alysis, literary devices and techniques take a prominent protagonism. â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† draws different interpretations in its multiple significance and shows that it is not only a mere tale of horror. Poe? â€Å"theory of unity or impression† proves perfectly demonstrated in it, for everything is carefully calculated to contribute to the story? s organic unity and strong impact. Its prevailing Gothic mood and mysterious atmosphere are enhanced by missing details that readers must â€Å"recreate† in order to find an explanation to the temporary and permanent hermeneutic gaps that appear. The seventh black room with its scarlet windowpanes and the ebony clock, both permanent gaps, takes us into a deeper significance of symbolism, too.The horrid disguised figure, that enters the castle and later reveals itself as the Red Death, stands as a temporary gap as well as the colours and design of the seven rooms, which Poe himself relates to the cycle of life. 2) Discuss the place and time settings of the excerpts you have read from the works of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe. See A Study Guide for American Literature to 1900, pages 130-33. In their writings, both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe dealt with slavery.Both showed testimony of the cruelties of the â€Å"institution† and exerted strong influence on the public opinion, as well as they proved effective in supporting the antislavery movement. Nowadays, some of the slave narratives are regarded as historical documents and others also as texts, for they are worthy of a prominent position in the canon of American Literature for its superb command of the rhetorical figures. Such the case of Frederick Douglass. As a politician, he embellished his writings and showed an outstanding mastery of the language.Douglass attained a political career and came to be one of the most important black political leaders in American History. His writings were li nked to his political concerns. In his â€Å" From the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† he places his story in Maryland, the slave state in which he was born. As we know, settings are far from being incidental and play a significant role in texts, for they affect other narrative elements( theme,plot, characterization).Thus, his biography highlights the ignorance of his own birthday and his father? s identity as well as tells about the separation that babies experienced from their mothers predicting the sufferings slaves went through. Although places are not described in detail,his portrait of the Chesapeake Bay serves to contrast his submission against the freedom of the â€Å"mighty ocean†. Finally, New Bedford is the place where,now a free man, he engaged himself in â€Å"pleading† the cause of his brethen. Place setting stands for a certain kind of evolution or growth he is forced to go through in order to become a respectable man and make his dre ams of freedom true. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote from the position of a religious woman, raised in a family of preachers and social reformers. She displeased the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and subscribed to the romantic racialism of her time. She created a universally famous classic treating the theme of evil in its theological,moral,economic and political dimensions.Her novel is a combination of different sources,blending sentimentalism and realism. In â€Å"Uncle Tom? s Cabin† settings cover other dimensions such as the social context and historical milieu in which the plot is developed. Chapter XXX describes the slave wharehouse in New Orleans, the men? s sleeping room, the women? s sleeping room and the auction room. But she does not resort to lengthy expository description of setting. Instead, she gradually integrates them to the text giving them a cinematic treatment as if a camera were moving slowly across the scene.The mythological setting she describes at the beginni ng clearly emphasizes the slaves? feelings. The contrast between the neat exterior and what is happening inside highlights one of the themes: hypocrisy. Characters and locations are perfectly attuned and Uncle Tom? s mood strongly opposes the gay atmosphere of other slaves while mother and daughter grieve singing together and despairing. People function as part of the setting and day contrasts night,its darkness and shadows reflect the characters? feelings.

Alcoholic Beverage Should Be Illegal for All Ages Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Beverage Should Be Illegal for All Ages Essay ?Penalties for drunk driving should be dramatically increased. I strongly believe that penalties for drunk driving should be dramatically increased. When a person decides to drink alcohol there should be thoughts going through their head. A person who drinks alcohol and doesn’t have a designated driver should already know their putting people in danger and going to receive a drastic penalty. On the other hand, for driver’s safety the law should increase the penalties for drunk driving drastically. Not only should their penalty be increased; they should have to participate in effective treatment before they thing about driving under the influence again. D. J. Hanson. (1997-2012) said when drivers drive drunk their speed limit is ten miles higher than their regular speed limit. For instance if a driver is driving 50 miles per hour on the interstate and their under the influence their speed limit is going to 60 miles per hour nonstop. Imagine if there was traffic on the interstate, midnight black outside, and an old lady is only driving 40 miles per hour on the interstate. The driver is under the influence driving 60 miles compared to the elderly lady 40 miles; there’s going to be an sever accident due to the driver driving drunk. This make the old lady be in a reckless predicament. A family has lost a love one and leaves the drunk driver with a DUI. The driver shouldn’t only get charged with a DUI he should go to therapy, rehab, and not be allowed to drive again. Furthermore, even though the drinking again has increased to 21 it shouldn’t make people think its okay to drink and drive drunk. Here’s a quote I found interesting to making penalties dramatically increased. DeWine (R-OH): It is a question of rights†¦ the right to have a fair chance on the highway, not to have someone come at you who has been drinking and driving. People have a right to drive on a highway so why should a person who is driving drunk penalty should be increasly severely. Lastly, I think penalities should be dramacticlly increased because I have lost 3 loved ones because somebody was driving drunk. The driver was driving 80 miles per hour on the expressway. When my auntie switched over to the fast lane the driver can full speed ahead and flipped the car 4 times in the air. My auntie wasn’t the only person in the car my 3 year old cousin and my 15 year old cousin. I was following behind my auntie when the accident happened. The funeral was very dreatful. Losing a love one to drunk driving and only getting a DUI isn’t enough. I agree with the statement penatlties should be dramactility increased to those who decides to drive under the incfluence. Alcoholic Beverage Should Be Illegal for All Ages. (2017, Feb 26).

Describe a place in which you are both familiar and interested Essay

Describe a place in which you are both familiar and interested - Essay Example Shah Jahan loved his wife Mumtaj Mahal so much, but was grief-stricken at her death during child birth. He wanted to keep her memory alive till eternity and so built the beautiful Taj which stands as India’s pride attracting tourists from far and near to revel in its beauty. The exotic Taj is situated in the lush green plains of Agra, behind which runs the sacred river Yamuna. It is made of huge slabs of creamy white marble and is studded with thousands of semi-precious stones. The pathway leading up to the monument is flanked by tall palm trees which act as a border to a moat of crystal clear water spurted out from dancing fountains. It has an impressive circular dome with four minarets, one in each corner. The structure is so impressive that it makes the beholder stare at it in awe before making an entrance. The arched entrance has a huge and heavily crafted wooden door with shiny brass door-knobs. It leads into a massive hall filled with archways and has a high ceiling which is intricately carved with patterns of flowering plants that adorn it, enhancing its magnificence. Right in the centre of the hall are the cold marble tombs of Shah Jahan and his beloved wife Mumtaj Mahal that are covered with floral patterns and embellished with precious stones which are a deep blue. An Octagonal screen made from perforated marble called â€Å"Jalis† form the border surrounding the two cenotaphs in the centre chamber. Each of these Jalis was carved with intricate and exquisite designs from a single slab of marble and allows not only air to circulate but also sunlight which scatters beautiful patterns over the cenotaphs. The eight faces of the jalis are decorated with flowering plants like lilies and poppies intrinsically embedded with colorful gemstones such as agate, sandstone and carnelian. From the centre of the dome, above the cenotaphs in the mausoleum, hangs a beautifully

Examine A Population In The News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examine A Population In The News - Essay Example lack of consistency, such that the results differed across the three; and presented a review with the idea of recommending one poll as being better than the other two. In the Bloomberg National Poll the incumbent was reported to have opened a 13 point advantage over Romney, 4 points advantage in the Pew Research Center Poll, and 3 points in the AP Poll. In an attempt to explain the disparities in the figures reported, methodological issues and change in opinions by voters (considering how closely rated the candidates were) were cited. Drawing from an expert’s position, the reporter cited voter commitment as low, which led to massive swaying of potential voters who were polled. However, these adduced low levels of voter commitment were not measured. Among the poll questions were candidates’ favorability ratings, in which Romney’s score sank back to the initial 39% when he entered the presidential race, becoming 17% more ill-favored. The Bloomberg poll also found out that Obama had gained a 19 points advantage over his opponent in terms of being in touch with the ordinary citizens. On their part, Pew Research Center’s results showed that Obama was voted as being 31% ahead of Romney in terms of being in touch with the ordinary citizens (Tacket, 2012). The Bloomberg poll had a slightly higher percentage of respondents who believed the country was headed the wrong direction (62%), against the AP’s 60%. You would expect these high percentages to impact the incumbent’s rating negatively. However, the three pollsters showed a contrasting trend, which could indicate extreme losses for the opponent. In fact, this has been highlighted by the recorded further 17% of respondents who ill-favored the Republ ican candidate at the time, Mitt Romney. In the Bloomberg survey, 1002 adult respondents were polled, and the scores associated with their responses had an error margin of  ±3.1%. Out of this sample, 734 were registered voters, and their responses’ margin of

Do we live in a celebrity-dominated consumer culture Essay

Do we live in a celebrity-dominated consumer culture - Essay Example "They should not be treated as fodder." But that's exactly how they are treated. MTV executives deny it, but when their young subjects vie for space with J-Lo and Jolie on the covers of People and Us Magazine, it's hard to say the shows aren't glamorizing teen motherhood. At a time when poorer, less educated teens in the U.S. are statistically more at risk of having children out of wedlock, this drive for market share feels predatory and seedy and feeds right into an American culture beset by narcissistic, self-destructive behavior† Tafaro, E. A., & Zuccarello, F. (2012, July-August). Chopped Chef: Celebrity Chefs Have Become Big Business. Not Having Adequate Disability Insurance for Them Can Be a Recipe for Disaster. Risk Management, 59(6), 16+. "If you are a Baby Boomer, you probably remember the cooking show The French Chef. Filmed live and uncut, you could hear the pots and pans bang, oven doors squeak, and chef Julia Child's singsong patter about life in the kitchen. It wa sn't terribly exciting, but Child became a pop-culture icon and was in many ways the first true celebrity chef. But somewhere along the way that tiny kitchen on Julia Child's low-budget set became "Kitchen Stadium" on Food Network's popular Iron Chef series. It became a place where chefs enter a culinary arena like gourmet gladiators, accompanied by blaring music, blinding lights that could illuminate an airport runway and the almost surreal sight of a man hoisting a $100,000 camera on his back while zooming in on the perfect close-up of a stick of butter melting in a frying pan. Today's celebrity chefs are treated like rock stars because they get paid like rock stars, led by Gordon Ramsay... This "Do we live in a celebrity-dominated consumer culture?" essay outlines how media change our values and our consumer needs. "Blum notes, however, that critical demands for "more realistic" media images are ineffectual: "To imagine that there are people who could change the images if they wanted to is to misunderstand the embeddedness of the image producers in a cultural machinery that they don't run but instead merely service. For them, as well as us, the linage and beauty are coextensive" (p. 65). Feminist calls for resistance to the beauty myth are no better, for there is no way to step outside the cultural frame and distinguish between genuine desires and those that are merely distortions of consumer capitalism. Blum cautions that in fact, "[w]e need to transcend feminist criticisms of body practices that can wind up being as shaming as the physical imperfections that drove us to beautify in the first place" (p. 63). I find little to disagree with in this analysis, as fer as i t goes, but find it strange that there is so little explicit consideration of the role of patriarchal structures in the increasingly high demands for feminine beauty. Although it's true that more men seek cosmetic surgery than ever before, Blum offers little discussion of how the need for male approval may influence women's choices to seek surgery. (And having recently read several devastating feminist critiques of the popularity of "labia reduction" and "vaginal rejuvenation" surgeries, I can't help but wonder what Blum's take on those procedures would be.)"

Fast, global,and entrepreneurial; supply chain management , hong kong Case Study

Fast, global,and entrepreneurial; supply chain management , hong kong style and interview with victor fung - Case Study Example As Fung said, the best way is to breakdown the supply chain into small parts and then looks for a custom solution for each part. Another genius way of innovative supply chain management is having a custom value chain for each customer. Present production chains are tailored to suit a large market niche. However, as competition increases, market niches become narrower by the day. This raises the need to specifically tailor the entire supply chain to suit a particular niche. For example, in the computer market, a different supply chain management strategy would be needed for a tablet and a laptop. Another creative way of shortening supply chains and buying cycles is by embracing dynamism in supply chain management. Factors such as labor, cost of raw materials, and technology are changing every day. Therefore, it is important to consider adjusting the supply chain depending on the changes on these factors. For instance, many manufacturers have been moving production to China because of cheap labor. However, within the same country, labor is cheaper in Mainland China and hence manufacturers are also moving mainland in response to

Organizational Behavior in a Negative or Positive Manner Essay

Organizational Behavior in a Negative or Positive Manner - Essay Example Organizational behavior helps to draw the organizational as well as industrial psychology. Key elements of organization’s behavior are people, structure, technology, environment and many other external elements. This is required for improving job performance, increasing job satisfaction, encouraging leadership, promoting innovation etc. Management will adopt various techniques to evaluate the performance, modify salary and compensation structure by using this method. There are positive and negative sides also. Benefits of organizational behavior are it is systematic study of attitude and action of people within organization. Managers can do proactive work in effective and efficient way by using this method etc. on the other hand managing work force diversity, improving quality and productivity through the existing manpower, responding to globalization etc are few challenges for using this method. Culture can be defined as such kind of behavior that is cultivated and transmitte d socially. It includes knowledge, values, religion, beliefs, relation, roles, meanings, concepts of the universe, material possessions etc. Different types of culture are pluralism, dualism, salad blow, pragmatic culture, normative culture, academic culture, club culture etc. For example it can be said that in pragmatic culture management will focus only on the customer’s satisfaction. In normative culture management of the company is strict and rigid about the company’s guidelines, rules and regulations. Three major types of culture are discussed below: Pluralism- In this culture smaller groups of individuals try to maintain their unique culture identity and their value, culture, identities are related to broader culture and tradition.

Literature Critique Antibiotic Trials for Coronary Heart Disease Lab Report

Literature Critique Antibiotic Trials for Coronary Heart Disease - Lab Report Example Myocardial Infection with Chlamydia) trial performed on 302 patients with ACS and seropositive for C. pneumoniae was conducted in USA. The patients were randomized to placebo or azithromycin 500 mg/ day for three days followed by 500mg/ week for three months. On the basis of the results of ACADEMIC trial in USA, Gupta etal designed a study with 60 patients in UK. These patients were survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and elevated antibody titers against Chlamydia. Another trial called STAMINA (The South Thames trial of Antibiotics in Myocardial Infarction and unstable angina) (n=325) addressed both C.pneumoniae and H.pylori . Multiple drug therapy using amoxicillin (500mg/day) for H.pylori and azithromycin(500mg/day) for C.pneumoniae . both combined with metronidazole (400 mg twice a day )and omeperazole( 20mg twice a day )was administered to the patients. Follow up of this trial extended for one year. There were two more large and intermediate size trials made with randomized patient groups of ACS viz. AZACS and CLARIFY. AZACS (Azithromycin in acute coronary syndrome) This trial involved 1450 patients in Los Angeles and this trial recruited patients regardless of their serostatus for Chlamydia infection. treatment with azithromycin.was given for 5- days and duration of follow up was 6-months. Another trial CLARIFY (Clarithromycin in Acute Coronary syndrome patients in Finland) also studied the effect of antibiotic therapy on the secondary prevention of ACS on 148 patients. The patient selection criteria was subjects with acute non-Q-wave MI or unstable angina . These patients were randomized to blinded therapy with either clarithromycin or placebo for three months. The primary endpoint was composite of death, MI, or unstable...(Anderson & Muhlestein, 2004) Atherosclerosis is a disease of epidemic proportions in the western world. Hence a lot of studies have been directed towards this disease till date. Small pilot studies conducted showed a strong association of C. pneuminiae IgG antibody with clinical atherosclerosis. Morever, animal studies have demonstrated the ability of active infection with C. pneumoniae to stimulate or accelerate, and antibiotics to prevent, atherosclerosis ( Anderson & Muhlestein, 2004). and seropositivity to C.pneumoniae and randomized them to recive either placebo or 3 months of treatment with azithromycin (600mg/week).The primary endpoint was a composite of death, MI, hospitalization for unstable angina or need for repeat revascularization at 3 years. ANTIBIO (Antibiotic therapy after Acute Myocardial Infarction) trials examined treatment with roxithromycin (a macrolide antibiotic) versus placebo for 6 weeks in 872 patients with acute MI. In this case the study end point was death. The ISAR-3 (Intracoronary Stenting and Antibiotic Regimen 3) study investigated roxithromycin, an effective anti-chlamydia macrolide for the prevention of restonosis after coronary stent deployment.

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNE's mini essay - 4

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNE's mini - Essay Example This paper therefore seeks to explore the emerging global markets, the advantages and disadvantages that accrue from venturing into such markets based on a case study of Research in Motion (RIM). The paper further endeavours to ascertain the extent to which RIM has been successful in penetrating this market. Basically emerging markets are developing countries that are experiencing a fast growth rate that are shifting from centrally planned economies to more liberalized economies. There are several advantages that accrue from emerging markets that make it attractive for investment purposes. The main advantage of these markets is target markets. For example in India, there is a large pool of skilled workers that are readily available and at a relatively affordable price (Hansen 2010). On the same note, its counterpart has equally a large pool of highly skilled and technical staff whose rates are affordable. In relation To The case study, RIM through it research and development unveiled a strategy to choose R&D sites that were backed by mature skills and strong technological institutions. For example, RIM curved out a niche as a centre for innovation with doubling number of patents every two years and the R&D ratio to GDP doubling in the previous decade. The two emerging markets have an advantage as manufacturing bases. There is readily available skilled labor at reasonable wages for manufacturing and assembly operation. Due to the cheaper production costs, was able to attract a sharp increase in the foreign direct investments between 1994 and 2007 with a steep increase in 2006. The same case is applicable to India. Under such circumstances, RIM’s strategy of investing in these emerging markets is valid and helps in reducing production cost whilst making the company stay competitive. Another critical advantage is the outsourcing of expatriates (Dolfsma, Duysters, & Costa 2009). RIM’s

Superfund Sites in Picher Oklahoma Essay Example for Free

Superfund Sites in Picher Oklahoma Essay Superfund Sites in Picher Oklahoma Introduction            The Tar Creek superfund site which is also known as Picher lead and zinc mining district is found in the far northeastern part of Oklahoma near its border with Kansas. The site was part of the Tri-state mining district that included areas of Missouri and Kansas and was one of the largest lead and zinc mining areas in the world. The Tar Creek site is considered to be one of the largest superfund site in America covering a geographic area of about 50 square miles and costs a total remediation fee of about 540 million dollars to 61 billion dollars. Tar Creek is a small stream that is characterized by still pools and is the major drainage system for the in the Picher field area, and it flows to the south passing between the towns of Picher and Cardin. Despite efforts that were put to prevent further contamination, there was minimal improvement in the surface water quality. The measures taken to divert the water were seen to be only partially effective (State Oklahoma report). As part of action to remedy the situation, eighty-three wells abandoned wells were refilled, dikes were constructed to divert surface water around collapsed mine shafts and the mines. The first operable unit cost ten million dollars.            The superfund program by the Environmental protection Agency has been highly criticized and praised over the years since the beginning of its implementation. There are some superfund sites that were cleaned successfully and reclaimed, however, others like the Tar Creek superfund site, which has been listed in the National Priorities List for several years. The Tar Creek has witnessed minimal notable improvement since the cleanup efforts began. The purpose of this research document is to investigate the difference between sites that have been cleaned and reclaimed successfully and those that have not seen any meaningful change. The paper will also determine the factors that influence speed and ease of the cleanup, suggest changes that can be made to the current process of superfund cleanup that will be beneficial to all sites. Overview and Analysis of Risks Involved            Tar creek is a region that is found at the northwest of Oklahoma near the town of Picher and is part of land segments in the southeast Kansas and southwest Missouri. It totals about 1,200 acres and 40 square miles in size. The area was part of the Tri-state Mining District between 1900 to late 1960s. Excessive mining carried out in the area produced pollutants of lead, zinc and cadmium that resulted in highly acidic water flowing into ponds and streams on the surface while some seeped into ground water. Other specific affected towns apart from Picher include Miami, Hockerville, Cardin, and Quapaw.            The problems found in Tar creek site, and Picher have historical beginnings in long time mining of zinc and lead in the area. Mining in the area began in 1900 and went on through to the late 1970s. The process of mining lead and zinc creates large quantities of unused mining materials which pile up above the ground and are always known as â€Å"chat† piles. These chat piles can be quite huge and may resemble hills. Over time, mining companies disposed of the chat by creating large piles above the ground and tailing ponds or dumping it into flotation. Some chat piles could rise as high as 200 feet, and all of it had increased level of lead and other heavy metals.            It is approximated that about 1.7 million tons of led was generated from the mining of about 181 million tons of lead deposits, giving rise to a significant amount of lead contaminated waste. It was posited that at during the time of clean up, there were thousands of acres (Fifty square miles or two thousand nine hundred) and more than 265 million tons of chats that are lead contaminated (Hu, Shine and Wright, 2007).            The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that Tar Creek has 75 million tons of chat piles. The Environmental Protection Agency listed Tar Creek on the National Priorities List in 1983.This made it subject to Comprehensive Environmental Compensation, Response, and Liability Act. Environmental Protection Agency found that tailings were found all over residential properties in the Tar Creek, with the foundation of business units and homes built on chat. Apart from that, another by-product arising from the mining operation is highly acidic mine water. The zinc and lead mines were that abandoned began to fill with surface runoff. During the late 1970s, the drainage of the acid mines containing heavy metals started to discharge into Tar Creek from boreholes, natural springs and open mine shafts.            Several public health problems are presented by the superfund site that include mine shaft hazards, acid mine drainage, poor air quality due to dust laden with lead. Others include soil contamination linked to chat piles and mine waste and exposure of young children and vulnerable population to contaminated materials. More health risks are attributed to human consumption of wild food and fish from the Tar Creek superfund site and including the Spring River and Neosho river watershed.            All these environmental and human health problems are still being examined by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Human Health Services and other local state agencies. In 2003, several federal agencies (the Environmental Protection Agency, U. S. Army Corps, and the Department of Interior) signed a memorandum of understanding facilitating cooperation of the agencies to achieve a holistic approach to the risk posed from the Tar Creek superfund site. Federal, private and state efforts are implemented and coordinated by the Department of Environmental Quality in Oklahoma to ensure that a comprehensive solution to the health and environmental problems is achieved in the area. Several tribal authorities are conducting additional solutions to restore their environment and protect the health of community members. Possible Solutions to the Problem            Superfund is currently not set up to handle complex and large areas like Tar Creek. Superfund is focused on site remediation as a permanent solution to the problem. However, in situations such as Tar Creek it is not easy to achieve a permanent solution within a short time. Therefore, the residents of this area and the surrounding areas are exposed to contaminants for a substantial period, which increases risk human health effect on the environment.            Solving this problem requires separate cleanup process are included where the complexity, size or government restrictions in the area will lead to prolonged cleanup time or significant delays. For superfund sites like Tar Creek, two cleanup approaches should be used. The first approach should aim at getting a permanent solution, as is the current goal of the superfund process. The second approach should be a temporary solution which will minimize exposure of people, environment and wildlife to the contamination while a permanent solution is lookedfor. An example of this is covering contaminated soil using a capping system (United States Environmental Protection Agency).            There are various measures that can be implemented at the Tar Creek superfund site that can provide immediate and significant benefits. The first action should be extensive community education program. The Environmental Protection Agency should take measures to inform the community about the dangers and hazards that are linked to the pollution and inform them of measures they can take to protect their health. People need to be informed of the importance of regular hand washing. Measures should be put in place to inform residents of the risks that can result from playing on the piles of chat and the area creeks. Warning signs and fences to prevent people from entering the polluted areas should be erected. The education program can help to decrease the blood lead level of people living in the area (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Public education programs are beneficial; however, it is not a requirement for superfund sites. It is up to those charged w ith overseeing the site to initiate such programs. Individuals living in the areas that are polluted deserve the right to know the nature of pollution they are exposed to and the measures they can implement to protect themselves. Immediately a problem is identified, education and public awareness programs should begin. Public education programs should begin as soon as the site is listed in the National priority list.            Another measure that can be beneficial at the Tar Creek is the removal of chat from residential properties. Chat coverings such as roads, driveways and playground surfaces should be removed and replaced. Apart from this, some of the chat in the chat piles can be used as an aggregate for asphalt, reducing the volume of chat over a number of years. Asphalt made with the chat can be used to plug mine shafts and pave roads while containing the heavy lead and zinc metals and decreasing their mobility. Removal of chat can result in a reduced blood lead level in the people living in the area. The removal process is projected to have more positive outcomes as progress continues. For example, piles of chat shrink exposure of community members to dust as a result of wind will reduce. In addition to that, contamination of ground water by rainwater runoff will reduce as the chat piles shrinks.            The surface water quality should be improved through construction of passive treatment projects while harnessing the filtration capability of the surrounding ecosystem. To reduce exposure to lead dust, the amount of chat used in asphalt mixes needs to be increased, chat roads should be paved and chat piles and millponds near residential areas should be re-navigated. In addition to this, the state can alleviate mine hazards by locating and mapping vent holes and mine shafts and filling them with chat. The other method is to reclaim the land by removing the chat, re-vegetating and re-contouring the land.            In addition to this, state governments can easily manage awareness and education programs, without interrupting the federal cleanup work. If the area is very complex, local governments, and the state can focus on smaller or projects that are less complex like the chat removal. At the same time, federal resources should be used on the most complex areas of the cleanup exercise. Federal agencies have a tendency to control the state and local governments rather than working together with them. Measures should be added to the current superfund program to enable greater state and local government participation. More funds and high awareness could quicken the cleanup process.            The superfund process should change the way threats to the environment and health are viewed. In general, measures should be taken the moment an imminent threat to human health and the environment has been identified. (US EPA). In Tar Creek exposure over a day or several days will not have any notable impact on a person’s health. However, over a period of years, exposure to contaminants in the area may affect the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous system for people who are exposed. It can also cause hyperactivity and retardation in young children (Church). The people residing in Tar Creek area had been exposed to contaminants for several years, their health was seriously at risk due to the chronic threat affecting the people for over fifty tears (Brock et al., 1995).            To reduce the threat to human health due to exposure contaminated materials, a new classification system should be introduced to the superfund process. Conditions that that would create a significant threat to human health as a result of repeated exposure can be classified as a chronic threat. A timeline can be established, based on the nature of the contaminant, the duration of time over which the environment and the public had were exposed, and the extent of contamination. This timeline will determine the acceptable period to improve the situation. If significant improvement is not realized within the period, the situation should be classified as an immediate threat. Conclusion            Even though the superfund process has been successful in many cases, it can be improved upon. Measures that include mandatory education programs, testing for cross-contamination at the beginning of the site investigation, implementation of temporary remedies for particularly complex or large cleanup sites can be used to encourage greater state intervention. Addressing chronic threats has not improved substantially over time and is a measure that should be taken to improve the current cleanup processes. However, these means are not the only means for improving effectiveness and efficiency of the Superfund process.            Superfund should be treated as work in progress. The process should be reviewed for problems and flaws on a continuous basis. In addition, unsuccessful and successful sites should be reviewed for particular activities that led to their success or failure. Information that is acquired from these reviews should be used to come up with new procedures and policies that can be added to the existing superfund process. The Superfund process can never be perfect, but continuous monitoring and revision of the process will help make the system very efficient. References Brock, F. V., K. C. Crawford, R. L. Elliott, G. W. Cuperus, S. J. Stadler, H. L. Johnson, and M. D. Eilts, (1995): The Oklahoma Mesonet: A Technical Overview. J. Atmos. and Oceanic Techno. 12, 5-19. Church, Thomas W., and Robert T. Nakamura (1993).Cleaning Up the Mess: Implementation Strategies in Superfund.Washington D.C. The Brookings Institution. Oklahoma State Department of Health. Retrieved December 2014 from:http://www.health.state.ok.us/PROGRAM/envhlth/sites/ottawa.html. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Ohio River Park: Current Site Information.Retrieved on December 2014 from: http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/npl/PAD980508816.htm. United States Environmental Protection Agency. The Superfund Program, Ten Years of Progress.EPA/540/8-91/003. December 2014. Source document

Cuban Revolution Essay Example for Free

Cuban Revolution Essay The most transformative event for Latin America would have to be the Cuban Revolution. It all began when when Sergeant Fulgencio Batista seized power during a election. Batista had been president from 1940-1944 and ran for president in 1952. When it became apparent that he would lose, he took power before the elections and cancelled them. The people in Cuba were disgusted with his power grab, which left them preferring Cuba’s democracy. Fidel Castro being a rising political maker, decided to plot against Batista. On the July 26, 1953, Castro made his move. In order to suceed, he needed weapons, therefore he chose to attack the Moncada Barracks. He had 138 men attacked the compound at dawn: it was hoped that the element of surprise would make up for the rebels’ lack of numbers and arms. The attack was a fiasco almost from the start and the rebels were routed after a firefight that lasted a few hours. Many were captured. Fidel and his younger brother escaped, but were captured later. But Fidel being an attorney, was able to turn the tables on Batista by making the trial about the power grab. Basically, his argument was that as a loyal Cuban, he had taken up arms against the dictatorship because it was his civic duty. He made long speeches and the government tried to shut him up. He was sentenced to fifteen years in prison. But somehow manage to become a nationally recognized figure and a hero to many poor Cubans. Even other rebel groups took up the fight as well. They stood behind Castro, giving Batista no choice but to leave. He and his inner circle, took what loot they could gather up and fled. Batista authorized some of his subordinates to deal with Castro and the rebels. The people of Cuba took to the streets, joyfully greeting the rebels. Little did the people now that Castro was a communist and that change was going to happen. The revolution in Cuba was a disaster, especially for the Cuban people. There was no free thought or artistic freedom. Anyone who dissented against Castro was jailed, tortured, and sometimes murdered. The Cuban people also lost their economic freedom and any chance of upward mobility. Their socialist economy has produced a scarcity of even the basic necessities of life. Most countries in the world trade with Cuba, but they still live in overty unimagined in the U. S. All classes lost, except for the ruling communists. Under Batista, who was no angel as well, Cubans never took the drastic steps to escape their homeland that are now common. After the revolution countless Cubans risked everything, including their lives, by taking to the sea in rickety boats in a desperate attempt to reach the U. S. The Cuban revolution is on going. It depends on which side you support or your politics that will sway your opinion. Nevertheless, Cuba will return to a U. S. like democracy as soon as the dollars flow in. It has been known that Cuba would become more democratic and more free. However, corruption in Cubas socialist government was minimal, and was zero when compared with the corruption of U. S. supported governments in Cuba. Now compare the Revolution of Mexico to Cubas. Mexico developed a sense of identity and purpose. They also established guidelines for future Mexican policies and Leaders. Porfirio Diaz was the leader of an undemcratic Mexico that was an alliance of the military, foreign interests, wealthy farm owners, and the Catholic Church. Actually, the governments that followed promised a republic, but did not deliver. Later on Emiliano Zapata, became the symbol of land reform and proud ideological purity, has become an international icon for just rebellion against a corrupt system. Though he was later on murdered, he is forever remembered as a hero. The effects of both these revolutions brought changes to their countries. In some matter the change was not good, like in Cuba. It still is the same, being said that it’s a communist country. Mexico in the other hand became more democratic, therefore the people have a little more say I what they want.

Comparison of different leadership strategies

Comparison of different leadership strategies Anita Roddick is the creator of Body Shop whose controversial leadership style was contrasted with Jack Welch the acknowledged leader in corporate management. The comparison shows that whilst some traits such as passion for success are common to both leaders there is significant difference in other areas such as the leadership style applied. In some instances though the final outcome is the same, the two leaders were motivated by different ideals. Whilst Anita brings her personal ideas of environmental activism into her business, Jack Welch approves the green approach where it makes sense from a profit making angle. However, taking into account the challenges faced and the leaving behind of a legacy, this study concludes that the Jack Welch approach demonstrates a stronger leadership model that is also replicable rather than the activist approach of Anita. INTRODUCTION The following is a comparison of the leadership strategies of two leaders; both successful in their own way, though with markedly different leadership approaches. Both are business leaders and are compared and contrasted by reviewing traits, values, behavior and leadership styles. Anita Roddick Born in 1942, Anita Roddick was the founder of Body Shop cosmetics. Her first shop was opened when she was 34 with the sole object of survival for the family. However, in to the highly competitive world of cosmetics where promises are easily made and difficult if not impossible to be validated in marched Anita with her own definition of what beauty meant and more importantly with a mission to set the record straight. Controversy which soon followed her became an opportunity for publicity for the business as well as a platform to air he views. Some claim that Anita is a model for a responsible leadership style whilst others remain more skeptical (Franklin Researchs Insight 1994). In he autobiography, Anita proclaimed that it is immoral to trade on fear. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is immoral to deceive a customer by making miracle claims for a product. It is immoral to use a photograph of a glowing sixteen-year-old to sell a cream aimed at preventing wrinkles in a forty-year old. (Roddick, 199 1 Pg. 15) Anita sums up her leadership strategy in her own direct, no-nonsense style Being good is good business. (Hospitality Leadership, 2009) In 2006, Body Shop was the subject of a take over by the cosmetic giant LOreal and Anita passed away in 2007. Jack Welch Dr. John Francis Jack Welch was born in 1935. With a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, Jack Welch became the General Manager of General Electric (GE) when he was 33. Ambitious from a young age, Jack Welch started with the ambition of making $ 30,000 by the time he was 30 years of age. Unlike Body Shop which was established by Anita Roddick, GE had a successful, long standing heritage. Established in 1892, the history of GE can be traced back to the famous inventor Thomas Edison. As Jeff Immelt, the present CEO who replaced Jack Welch, reminded Fortune magazine in 2004, Theres going to be someone after me, just as there was someone before me (Time Mastery 2005 Pg. 29). Jack Welch took the rains of an already successful organization in 1981 but took it from triumph to triumph as the CEO till 2001. He is still a well sought after speaker as well as consultant. Unlike Anitas green approach, Jack Welch is not convinced with global warming (The Washington Post 3 July, 2008) though one year later he sees going green as presenting an enormous opportunity, whether one believes in global warming or not (Welch, 12 May, 2009). Jack Welchs leadership approach was that Effective Leadership involves the acceptance and management of paradox. For example we must function collectively as one company and individually as many businesses at the same time. (Crainer, 1999, p.49). Leadership Traits A trait is a character that can be observed over and over in ones personality. Leadership traits can identify a good leader and assist in emulating them. Such traits include, integrity, competency, forward looking approach, fair mindedness, broad mindedness, courage and ability to take risks, intelligence, imagination, inspiring personality and directness of approach. Integrity has been defined as the quality of a persons character. (SEP, 2008) Thus integrity may also be seen as the ability to walk the talk. Anitas leadership style has been portrayed as a model for responsible leadership acting with great honesty and integrity, especially in the cosmetic industry and she was in the forefront of environmental activism. This of course may also have made good business sense as acknowledged by Jack Welch too in the 2009 interview. Jack Welch considers integrity to be such a fundamental requirement that he refuses to even list it amongst a list of virtues. If you dont have integrity you should not be allowed on the field at all. (Welch 2007 Pg. 14) Of course both Anita and Jack Welch display clear forward looking planning. Anita created a company that went where no other cosmetic company of that magnitude had gone before. Jack Welchs problems were even more complicated requiring him to acknowledge the illustrious history of GE and then to steer in a direction more suited to the future. In doing so Anita and Jack Welch demonstrated immense courage and conviction taking risks that were perhaps make or break decisions. Of course in taking their respective companies to places where they had not been before, both leaders showed clear well developed imaginativeness and superior intelligence. Anitas primary motivational factor apart from her charismatic personality was to make the Body Shop employees feel that they were a part of a large family. (Roddick, 1991 Pg. 7) Jack Welch on the other hand used different approaches to motivate employees including money, recognition and training. (Welch, 2007 Pg. 106) Dark side traits Dark-side personality traits are those which are counter productive to a leaders success and may lead to their failure. Whilst everyone has some dark side traits, they may be visible only when the leader is under stress. In the case of Anita Roddick, whilst she was at the front in requiring better corporate governance and ethical corporate response, when Body Shop was put under pressure by criticism that it was not following its talk instead of relying on a transparent approach it appears to have used combative response and the threat to use legal action to silence its critics. (Franklin Researchs Insight 1994) Anita in her autobiography however states that As for Jack Welch, his approach to corporate restructuring has been criticized by persons such as O,boyle. Down sizing, lay offs and closure of plants was a key part of this strategy which focused mostly on keeping the shareholders happy (Jakubowicz, 1999). GE which had 440,000 employees world wide when Jack Welch started as CEO in 1981 was by 1997 operating with only 260,000 employees but making much greater profits. (Crainer 1999) This closing of plants and large scale dismissal of employees left many small towns which relied on GE plants for jobs in great difficulty. His pressure on the managers to keep a regular flow of profits may have led to them taking shortcuts to profit making. Requirements for success Anita though not initially a technical person, continued to be in touch with the technical aspects of her business. She was always travelling around, meeting indigenous people and finding new product ideas. John Davies (2007) who was a consultant to Body Shop at one time talks of how Anita walked into a meeting announcing that she had invented a new lip balm. Therefore, Anita seemed to have actually enjoyed being involved in the technical and development aspects of the business too. Jack Welch was an engineer but came to be recognized as a manager and a CEO rather than an inventor. Milestones For Anita the first milestone in her business was to feed her kids whilst her husband was on an extended tour in South America. Perhaps a turning point in the Body Shop image was when Anita partnered with Greenpeace in protecting whales by marketing products made with jojoba oil as a substitute for whale spermaceti. This was a pioneering venture where business partnered with a charity. (Alcraft, 1998) Though Jack Welch encouraged financial goals to be celebrated, he had little use for milestones as such since, once achieved, they represented the past whilst he preferred to focus on the future. (Hartman, 2003) Leadership Values and Ethics If we make an effort to understand our values, it makes it easier to keep our priorities in the right order and our actions in line with our beliefs (Anzary, 2009). The most important qualities and values of a good leader are vision, empathy, consistency, integrity. Anita as well as Jack Welch both had a clear vision as well as displayed passion in their approach. Anitas vision included a larger global vision which went beyond the corporate goals (Roddick, 2000) whilst Jack Welch focused on improving the shareholders value at any cost. Jack Welch on vision states that good business leaders create a vision. They articulate the vision, passionately own the vision, and relentlessly drive it to completion. (Crainer 1999 Pg. 77) Anitas manner of expressing empathy with her staff included that of making them feel that they were part of a large family. Although Jack Welch too recognized the need to invest in people and put this into practice by spending time with them, devising methods to motivate people etc., (Crainer 1999 Pg. 23) it is clear that his approach was to come own heavy on people and he had no regrets about dismissing employees when required. However, his understanding of the followers reality is demonstrated by his approach to budgeting for example where he recognized the reason for the divide between the upper management and field staff and suggests strategies for remedying same. (Welch Welch 2005 Pg. 189). From the point of corporate integrity Anitas propaganda spoke of this as a key factor pushing the idea that the customer needs to be told the truth about what can and cannot be achieved with the products. She was also opposed to animal testing and promoted the green approach and a more socially responsible approach with concepts such as Trade not Aid for the developing world. GE under Jack Welch on the other hand appears to have used an approach that focused on maximizing profits. In this regard, is appears that GE had even pleaded guilty to charges on criminal fraud relating to matters linked to defense. (New York Times 23 July, 1992). Leadership Grid Model is taken from stewart associates website [Online], Available: http://www.stewart-associates.co.uk/leadership-models.aspx The Leadership Grid shows the emphasis a leader places on people as opposed to production. Anitas approach appears to be more towards Middle-of-the-Road; balancing the two concerns. In this she may be seen as being closer to the ideal of Team Management. Jack Welchs approach has been criticized for being Authority-Compliance Management oriented. He is known to have fired low producing managers and to pressurize the employees to achieve. This approach did bring him greater profits at a human cost. Conclusion In this study we looked at two leaders with interesting and successful leadership styles. They are both leaders in the corporate sector and have adopted radical approaches to leadership. Anita Roddick is a strong entrepreneur who started her own business brought it to a very important position in the cosmetic industry but finally sold it to LOreal. Therefore, all though she created an ethically conscious brand which not only brought commercial success but also succeeded in associating itself with eco friendly concepts, her final transferring of the business to LOreal means that she did not leave behind a vehicle by which her vision could be carried though. Thus it remains to be seen whether her vision has died with her. On the other hand Jack Welchs approach is one that can be captured within modern management thinking and provides better tools for replication. Also from a leadership point of view, although Jack Welchs approach has been criticized as profit at any cost and the heavy emphasis on the Authority-Compliance-Management style, his task was perhaps more difficult than that of Anita Roddick. The very fact that he became the CEO of a company that was almost 100 years old and had a huge infrastructure meant that he would have had to face greater challenges to bring about change. Therefore, although it may be more difficult to love Jack Welch as a person when compare to Anita as a leader and also he may be further from the ideal of Team-Management style leadership, looking at the challenges that have been over come Jack Welch comes though as a stronger leader. Anita on the other hand may demonstrate greater entrepreneurial skills.

Personal Narrative - Suicide and the Death of My Father :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

The Death of My Father My father and I went hiking together just about every year since I was born. Some years it would be just the two of us, and some years my brother David would come too. When we first begin doing this, we used to stay in our own tent that we would carry upon our backs, but as my father got older, we gradually shifted from tents to staying in lean-tos, then log shelters, and finally to the comfort of the huts that the Appalachian Mountain Club runs on some of the ranges in the White Mountains. With these huts, you get to the top of a peak and find blankets and a hot meal waiting for you. My father and I left three days ago for our annual hike. On our second day, two days ago, we had had a long, but good, day. We had made it most of the way up Mount Lafayette on the edge of the beautiful Pemigwaset wilderness, and we pulled into the Appalachian Mountain Club hut there for a meal. We were enjoying our dinner together, and he was looked comfortable and content. Just before dessert was to be served, my father suddenly slumped forward in his seat and died. Halfway through our hike on the day that he died, I thought my father might have looked a little tired, and I suggested that perhaps we should turn around and take an easier route to a different hut, but he didn't want to. He said that he was doing fine and that besides, we had already made reservations at this particular hut. I said to him: "If something happens to you, do you want people to say `He kept on going because he didn't want to lose his hut reservation?" And he replied, "I think that if something happened, they'd say: `he did it because that's who he was.'" I can say that he died peacefully in a beautiful place and I can say that he probably died proud, not just proud of the determined recovery he had made from a car accident this past winter, but proud of living his life as he always had - making his own choices and choosing his own path. But these things will never be any real consolation to us for the 20 years more that my father should have been with us, sharing his unique mix of stubbornness, humor, wisdom, cynicism, and especially love - a love of life, a love of his family and a love of his community.

Hybrid Cars: The Slow Drive To Energy Security Essay -- Gasoline Elect

Hybrid Cars: The Slow Drive to Energy Security The hybrid car market is slowly ramping up. In the past five years the number of hybrid sales in the U.S. grew tenfold from 9,500 in 2000 to 100,000 in 2004. By the end of 2005, the number of hybrid cars on American roads will grow to 300,000, represented by about seven or eight hybrid models, including the two-door Honda Insight, which will have sales of about 2,000 in 2005. The increasing sales numbers are encouraging, but must be viewed in the context of the overall car market. The 100,000 hybrid car sales in 2004 represent about one-half of one percent of the 17 million new cars sold this year. If every new hybrid driver effectively (and optimistically) doubled fuel economy from 20 mpg to 40 mpg for 40 miles of daily driving, then a gallon per hybrid car would be saved every single day. That's a whopping 100,000 gallons per day chalked up to hybrid car drivers. But, we've only reduced our daily U.S. consumption from 360 million gallons to 359,900,000 gallons. Market forecasters predict a continued annual doubling of hybrid car sales for the next few years. We could reach the major milestone of one million hybrid cars on American roads somewhere in the 2007 or 2008 timeframe. Again, this is cause for celebration, until you consider that there are approximately 200 million cars in America today—and over 700 million vehicles worldwide. If car numbers keep increasing at the present rate, there will be more than a billion cars and trucks on the road across the world in 20 years. Vehicles are now driven two trillion miles each year in the U.S., and there are more cars than adults. Nevertheless, with the proven success of the Toyota Prius, which won every possible accolade... ...nsumers of hybrid cars have demonstrated, with their pocketbooks, their commitment to reducing oil dependency. In marketing lingo, they are considered â€Å"influencers† — the segment which is more educated, more affluent, and older — and which shapes the buying decisions of the rest of America. Hybrid owners sit behind the wheel of their hybrid everyday, and wonder what more they could do. Unfortunately, hybrid drivers and alternative energy supporters are now splintered and their efforts are diffuse. In order to put enough pressure on the automakers to stop resisting the change that must come, hybridcars.com is trying to galvanize hybrid drivers and develop partnerships with advocacy groups to develop the most effective strategies for promoting greater fuel efficiency in our cars and trucks. The environment, the economy, and our national security hang in the balance.

Saint Augustine’s View on Sexuality Essay -- Religion

Saint Augustine’s View on Sexuality The famous bishop of Hippo, St. Augustine, is claimed as a cornerstone of Christian theology by both Catholics and Protestants. Many of his views are regarded by Christians as authoritative interpretations of the Bible because they have withstood heated debate throughout the centuries. Christians ought to ask, however, whether such allegiance is justifiable in all cases. Augustine's idea of sex after matrimony, for example, is very narrow, restricting actions and emotions married Christians today consider part of the beauty of intercourse. A logical assertion then, is that Augustine's view of sexuality, as delineated in many writings, is a response to his life of sensuality prior to salvation; therefore, his idea about the intent for sex within marriage stems more from his former sin than from Biblical perspective. St. Augustine's sordid lifestyle as a young man, revealed in Confessions, serves as a logical explanation for his limited view of the purpose of sexuality in marriage. His life from adolescence to age thirty-one was so united to passionate desire and sensual pleasure, that he later avoided approval of such emotions even within the sanctity of holy union. From the age of sixteen until he was freed of promiscuity fifteen years later, Augustine's life was woven with a growing desire for illicit acts, until that desire finally became necessity and controlled his will. His lust for sex began in the bath houses of Tagaste, where he was idle without schooling and "was tossed about†¦and boiling over in†¦fornications" (2.2). Also during that time, young Augustine displayed his preoccupation with sexual experience by fabricating vulgarities simply to impress his peers. In descript... ... Anderson, Douglas L., ed. Augustine. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1979. Augustine. The Confessions of St. Augustine: Books I-X. Trans. F.J. Sheed. New York: Sheed & Ward, 1942. Babcock, William S., ed. The Ethics of St. Augustine. Atlanta: Scholars P, 1991. Battenhouse, Roy W., ed. A Companion to the Study of St. Augustine. Grand Rapids: Baker,1955. Halsall, Paul. "St. Augustine: From 'On Marriage and Concupiscence.'" Internet Medieval Source Book. Oct. 1998. 3 Nov. 2000 <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/aug-marr.html>. Hooker, Richard. Early Christianity: Augustine. 6 Jun. 1999. 3 Nov. 2000 <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHRIST/AUG.HTM>. Oates, Whitney J., ed. Basic Writings of Saint Augustine. 1948. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980. Rist, John M. Augustine: Ancient Thought Baptized. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Pushed Out and Forgotten †The Batwa Essay

Born in the United States, I grew up believing that the children who lived next door or the boy who sat across from me in class had it all. Even as an adult, there are bits of me that occasionally envy the family with the perceived â€Å"perfect life;† church every Sunday, home office with a big window, stain-less carpets, and children with perfect hair. But, I know better. Life in the United States is something I take for granted. I knew this and needed to remind myself just how truly grateful I should be for the life I live in the great states. How do I do this? What do I need to see in order to really understand life outside America? I needed to leave my country and visit a place that has many struggles; where people live humbly. What I didn’t realize was that I would leave the country I chose to visit, wanting to go back and make a difference. Rwanda is rich with many things; culture, diversity, and land. Rwanda has also perfected the art of discrimination. When my plane landed, I could not have grabbed my luggage and left the airport more quickly. I was excited for what the change in culture would bring me. What I would take home to teach my own family and friends. Some were excited to see me and others were less than thrilled to see me traipsing my way through their lands. I did what I could to respect the people and their cultures, as I did my research before coming to Rwanda. The population there is made up of mostly Hutu; traditional farmers. The rest of the population, mostly consist of Tutsi (or warrior people) and the Batwa. Though I would have enjoyed getting to know all the different people and ethnicities of Rwanda, I spent most of my time with the Batwa (Whitelaw, 2007). The history of the Batwa is something that I came to hold close while traveling with some who are conflicted with the fear of the past and the uncertainty of their future. The Batwa were former Central Africa residents  who lived their lives hunting and gathering in the rain forests. Though the lives they lived were not ideal for all, they were happy. But as time went, so was the expectation that they left their homes in order for the rainforest to be used for forestry and conservation. You may say, â€Å"So, were they compensated for the land they had to give up?† Well, no. The Batwa were physically removed from their homes and their land and were never given a red cent to live elsewhere. Kicked out of home, with no money, no good explanation, and expected to build a life in an area unfamiliar to most. The Batwa had no idea what this was going to do to their lives. They knew they did not want to leave but because of their naà ¯ve understanding of the modern world, they would face some struggle ahead. This was a disaster in the making. It didn’t help that many of people, already living in the areas the Batwa were forced to move, did not accept them as people. They were and continue to be discriminated against. The Batwa live in poverty in what is supposed to be a more modern society than what they were founded on. Yet, the population continues to deteriorate. How is this possible? It is possible because they have no land to live on, they eat the farming scraps left after a harvest, they are shunned from the education system because of illiteracy and a lack of money, they are allowed to vote but not allowed to be part of government, and they find it almost impossible to find a job that can support their needs because of discrimination and lack of education (New African, 2010). The Batwa’s situation sounded eerily familiar to me. I equated their situation to the Native American’s situation when the Europeans came to America. Pushed out of their land and forced to live a different way of life in a place that was â€Å"approved† by the rest of the people. I can imagine that the way the Batwa live is similar to the way the Native American’s are forced to live. The difference is that the Native Americans feel forced by lack of education of the rest of Americans, where the Batwa’s are forced because they are still not accepted in today’s Rwandan society. Another big difference I see is that the Batwa are a part of Africa and are being discriminated by their people. Yes, they are a different ethnicity and would live their lives differently, if not forced into another. But, they are still from the same country. After spending time with this  amazing group of people, I have realized that I could not accurately explain the difference between ethnicity and race. Six months ago, I lumped those two terms together. Though they have similarities, they are different. I am a Caucasian, but that doesn’t mean it is easy to assume my ethnicity. My great friend is Caucasian, but that doesn’t mean her and I have the same ethnicity. I was born and raised in a small town out of Minnesota and she was raised in Ireland. The two terms are different. Her family traditions around the holidays are different than mine. Really understanding the differences between race in Rwanda and their ethnicities was important when trying to understand why there is and was so much discrimination. Though the race may be nearly the same, each group of people lived completely different lives. The Batwa’s lived in a rainforest and Hutu’s ran farms in a more modern lifestyle. Even the way each culture enjoys dancing is either accepted or it is not. The Batwa were forced to study Christianity, eat the foods of the modern people, and even had to learn how to wear clothing differently. The way the Batwa chose to live their lives in the rainforest would not be acceptable in the eyes of the rest of Rwanda. Ethnicity and race are different and this is why discrimination exists in Rwanda (New African, 2012). * Learning the history of how the Batwa live, by choice or not, begged the question, â€Å"what has this done to them as a people?† The discrimination of the Batwa and other small groups of people, have made it difficult for them to thrive much less survive. They impact they have on the government is nil, so seeing a dramatic change through government representation is unlikely. There are groups such as the Organization of Rwandan Potters (COPORWA) who consider the Batwa and their situations. The Batwa are value their culture and ways of life, but have lost touch because of highly encouraged religions and lack of acceptance of their culture. The Batwa do and will continue to struggle to be recognized as a minority group who needs help (Ingelaere, B., 2010). * The Batwa have lost their land, they are losing their culture, the people are not surviving, and the idea of maintaining hope is slowly slipping away. Spending time with my new found friends made me want to bring them all home with me. But, as I have learned, moving people from their homes and lives can create more problems than intended. Though, I would see to it that they were treated with the respect they deserve, it does not fix the bigger problem. The  human race has much to learn about what the true meaning of love, life, and respect is. Unfortunately, discrimination and a lack of understanding is a natural course of nature. There are some things out of our control and others in which we can only influence. If I could change anything about my visit to Rwanda, it would have been to spend more time there to understand more about why the other cultures see the Batwa the way they do. Though the discrimination against the Batwa is moving at a snail’s pace in the right direction, at least it is moving that way. Until then, I send my prayers and well wishes to the Batwa people. I would also challenge those of you reading my article to take some time to travel to a place similar to Rwanda to learn about another culture; what it has to offer is far more than money can buy. * References: Batwa A people under threat. (2010). New African, (497), 38. Ingelaere, B. (2010). Peasants, power and ethnicity: A bottom-up perspective on Rwanda’s political transition. African Affairs, 109(435), 273-292. Whitelaw, Kevin. (2007). Rwanda Reborn. U.S. News & World Report, 00415537, Vol. 142, Issue 14

Globalization and Sustainability: The Importance of Government

The earth was once vast and unknown. parley was once dreaded as messages would discover exceeded follows of sequence from genius point of close to the next. Countries would non know of to each one an separate(a)wise(prenominal)s aff line of productss for months because the demesne was round beyond some(prenominal)ones imagination. exactly as soon as technology re ard its pointedness the universe of discourse rapidly became sm tot altogetheryer. It modified everything inwardly its grasp. Communication that once took months could now civilize consequences. Travelling abroad that would eat up interpreted years now took hours. Every notionion that fell into this form of orbicularisation changed.It is clear to key that political sympathiess bugger discharge alike been progenyuate by globalisation in more than(prenominal) ways that they basis each simulate or contrast with each other. yet a controversy knows about the return on the effect of global isation on administrational index finger. On one look of the arguing globalisation is considered as a force that weakens the part of politics whereas others confer the contrary, claiming that at that coiffe is no effect and power remains constant. Still twain arguments take apart because of the extremity that they impose.A better argument would be that globalisation does effect disposal power, not to the point of weakening, only if ensuring that no abuse of power turn overs unknowingly. Globalisation is scarce a tool that en equals the actions of administrations to be monitored by other countries and military man organisations. With comparison of Australian and Canadian milieual insurance form _or_ system of political relation, it pull up stakes be clear that actions taken by the government hold in been influenced (not controlled) by globalisation. The mood of the valet becoming a small synergistic village is what many would consider the effect of globalisa tion.Boundaries atomic number 18 no longer an golf stroke off and apprize be crossed with an elementary click of the mouse. But globalisation is off the beaten track(predicate) from being a parvenue model that came along with technology. It has existed since humans have had curiosity. The exploring of late lands, the discovery of new peoples and nations, to the fascination of constitutions physical features, people have been in the process of globalisation for centuries. engineering science had simply endureed globalisation to encourage a little more rapidly than what it had all over in the past.Although it seems that globalisation brings promise of a unified Utopian society this is further from becoming the truth. Todays instauration is based on the market. The lead astraying of goods and operate to the consumer to wee-wee cabbage. Therefore globalisation has run the expansion of the market place with greater opportunities for outturn and trade in new locati ons. 1 Relations ar formal between nations, not for the mere joy of peace, solely for the insurance that a trade partner exists where dough do-nothing be gained. This motivation from profit targets to the element of the manufacturing process.In order to acquire maximum profit piles shoot to spend less in producing a product. They go about this with means of cheap energy elicit (usually fossil evokes like coal), low wear leases, and cutting be in lavishness disposal. For an exceeded amount of time corporations have been able to melt down the clutches of the law because it was seen that abuse to the purlieu was a small expenditure to pay in exchange for spunky profit. For instance abuse to the Canadian forests in the past two centuries has led to a large proportion of it being cut, 8 000 kilometres long and hundreds of kilometres wide.When large damage has been inflicted scarce then will peoples bear ons be aro utilize. Governments then compulsioned to inter vene, to jot corporations from inflicting anymore damage to resources and surround. Canadian government had only make environmental policy a main veneration since 1985. It was in the Ontario peasant election where pollution was do a signifi send packingt trend. This was the first time ever that the issue of pollution was made a priority. Ever since the topic of disturb for pollution has been maintained by both provincial and federal institutions. Australia on the other hand began its involvement on the issue in 1980.It was in this year that the conception saving Strategy was published and the republic took it upon itself to formulate a similar written document that would dish enforce the idea of sustainable environment throughout the nation. 4 Although government intervention seems to guarantee some progress towards sustainability the idea of globalisation alters the desired effects. human beings trade allows the cheapest producer to gain maximum profits. Competition for profits is then eer present.In order for competition to exist all producers moldiness somehow hang in product cost low magic spell maintaining or increasing product output. If statute is passed within a country that represents a corporation responsible for destruction to the environment by means of their bolt, corporations slew tranquil outrun any consequences from their actions. It is difficult to follow up on institutions because they atomic number 18 essential. 5 They provide jobs, goods and services, and break up money towards many organisations. The application allows saving to prosper as s healthy up as many citizens that partake in the deed and consumption of the goods.The destruction of the environment is seen as irrelevant to the benefits of cash profit that the diligence brings. What corporations fail to observe is the forthcoming outlook. The concern is only on maximum shapeation for maximum gain. No corporation has provoke in conservation because of t he mentality of some(prenominal) is left by a corporation will simply be employ by a competitor. 6 notwith hurting the immediate gains will not forever and a day be present because sooner or later resources will be worn down and on that point will then be a failure to produce, soon followed by a collapse within the industry output and profit.Sustainability will ensure that resources advise be reserved as tumesce as allowing time for some replenishment. It is for this mind that governments have decided to be involved, for a fall in industry would lead to a fall in the miserliness and the welfare of the adduce. Canada and Australia share the comparable mental imagery when it comes to sustainability. Both understand that environmental policy is essential to maintain a promiscuous nation. There has been a similar imagination on the purpose of create environmental policy.The development is to allow (i) multiple time scales in which the present is considered as well as t he near and farther proximo (ii) effect on various dimensions of complaisant life where economy, environment, and cordial equity are viewed as equal and (iii) diverse sociable and ecological scales where region and locality are a concern as well as the global nation. 7 completely three aspects are to produce an ecologically balanced society, with stable institutions designed to run across equilibrium within tolerances that the natural environment can support.This is much easier s embolden than done. The number of there being total placement is never achieved and compromising ever so leads to one or all parties involved to be unsatisfied. In order to satisfy government policy, as well as turn away negative outbreaks by environmental scruples citizens, corporations need to follow the specified guidelines of environmental sustainability. Institutions then need to pay much more attention and effort towards waste riddance and treatment. This costs a just-blooded amount of mo ney.Two options are to either increase product prices or cut spending on other operations within the process. Increasing prices would allow costs to be covered and avoid in any profit loss experienced by the corporation barely elevated prices could cause for decrease in profit for it causes a decrease in profits by the lower prices This again is a of current competitors. This is the reason why the second option is more favourable. Cutting costs in the operation allows for the same amount to be spent on production and in some instances horizontal less. just about popular manner of cutting is within the removal of management layers. By eliminating genuine amounts of staff and replacing them with computers and automation manufacturing processes companies can then grapple in the mankind market. 9 This occurs mostly in sozzled nations such(prenominal) as Canada, Australia, England, and the United States. Since ugly nations have no strict policies on labour leading to low hire s tructures, production by corporations within these nations can produce product cheaply and sell at an admirably low price.Since affluent nations have high labour costs, costly social programs, and a high grade of foreign investment, in order to compete in the world market they have to employ less. 11 It seems to be a simple enough tactic only other corporations have been so used to a certain process of production that alternatively of changing their methods they would rather move to sader nations in which they could keep profits or exceed them tenfold. Globalisation leads to the reallocation of corporations.In less hostile environments, these corporate conglomerates can destroy and manipulate the environment to their harming and will not be accuse for they supply many jobs in a poor nation that of necessity income to fuel its economy. This global mobility allows corporations to escape environmental policy. The quickening of jobless growth in poor nations leads to unemploym ent, creating countures that allow economic activity that is deleterious as well as it undermines efforts of mitigation, planning, and restrictive enforcement. 2 Environmental policy with absence of enforcement leads to the lack of interest in enforcement.The NAFTA agreement, the elimination of tariffs among trading countries, between the United States, Canada, and the developing Mexico is a good example of how businesses escape strict policy. Because of Mexicos low wage enforcement and anti-union government, environmental policy falls predate to lower standards and enforcement. 13 The nation rattling does feel opposed to the destruction but if they fail to allow industries to do so they will lose business to global mobility.The problem is does not lie on government passing legislation for policies have been made. The problem lies within the amount of enforcement that is devote on ensuring that the policies are practised to the full extent. Not every country has the same view when enforcement of policy is the issue. Some nations are better off than others so it is easier for them to conk with strict enforcement but Third serviceman countries, in order to compete in the world market, are more diffuse because of the need to better establish a prosperous economy.This is a main concern among many because the problem is never full solved but simply reallocated. This is when external policy becomes a suggested solution. Governments need to travel a common chord with each other when it comes to environmental sustainability. It involve to be seen that if restrictions are present and enforced evenly throughout all nations then the concept of conservation will be bypass throughout globally. In order for this to win a new flow of financing and technology for environmental conservation needs to be achieved.Third World nations would also not feel the pressure to exploit for maximum profit if debts were alleviated and industrial countries initiated programs t o provide access to technical assistance, homework technology transfer, and planning grants to increase their cogency to manage environmental and energy challenges. 15 through and through this method it would allow nations to stand on equal ground and be able to maintain a consent between nature and industry. This is a hallucination to be achieved for the motive of wealth is always the motivation that leads to the neglecting of policies.The proposal of a world government is an idea that could ensure that a universal policy be followed by all countries and ensure that enforcement be heavy equally among all nations. A world government generates both relief and fright when it boils down to policy making. The relief comes that all nations are treated equally and must follow all laws that have been passed by this supreme institution. Yet, not all nations are equal even though the idea of it sounds appealing. Some nations are better off than others are so it is difficult for everyone to accede fully when some nations can achieve goals easier than others can.The main fear springs from the idea of losing individualism and power. A single government representing the world of many different cultures and beliefs is very knotty to imagine. Minorities might feel threatened in that they have no legitimate plead in the outcomes of producing legislation. This in turn leads to the agency of governments in countries. They would feel threatened in the sense that they truly have no power since the world government would be the one in control of matters of all countries globally.So, what needs to be done is not the production of a world government but an alliance between world organisations and existing governments. Globalisation through this method does not infringe on the power of government but allows for compromise to occur and for then to understand the need for a unified co-operation to maintain the environment and resources for future enjoyment and use. In Austral ia for instance, the Confederation of Australian Industry and the Australian Conservation Foundation, along side with a number of state governments, agreed to endorse the home(a) Conservation Strategy for Australia in 1986.This promoted the need to excuse the environment and ecological beauty of Australia for there was a realisation that damage to the environment would lead to damage to the economy. The concern was in tourism. The natural environment is a critically important part of tourism and is more and more being recognised as such through the term Ecotourism. 17 Through globalisation and government assistance it is accomplishable to see the importance of conservation which in turn would set precedence for other countries to follow.This was the main intention by the Australian Tourism Industry Association who argued that tourism can and does (i) enhance environmental taste by changing peoples attitudes (ii) act as a defense for environmental conservation (iii) enhance env ironmental management for conservation and (iv) enrich the social and cultural environment of the Australian community. 18 A global government whitethorn have a unilateral authority and may think broadly but it can not possibly carry out out to everyones interests in the closing making.Mutual adjustment is the best method to solving the environmental problem by the use of global co-ordination. When this occurs it produces policies and plans that take circular many positions that exist. A countrys own government needs to be aware of the essential needs of its people and must respond to the concerns of various governing of energy, roads and highways, land use, city planning, air and rail transport, and industrial policy. 20 These needs then need to co-relate with those needs presented by organisations that stand for the protection of the planets resources and environment.Governments have not lost power but need to re-learn how to distribute their influence. Both the federal and p rovincial governments, at least in Canada, hold the distribution of authority over environmental policy. The municipal governments still participate even though they have been given no authority over the matter. 21 But the majority of the work is achieved by organisations that press governments for swifter actions towards policy making. In Canada, the Greenpeace group, located in Vancouver and Toronto, had a revenue of 7. 4 cardinal dollars without government or corporal aid from 1987 to 1990.The source of revenue came from concerned individuals within the country who see the needed place of conserving the planet. In response, political parties must extension these issues to ensure that the public receives the results that they desire. When the creation of the National Conservation Strategy in Australia took place both the Fraser Liberal government and the Hawke repel government played an important piece in the structure that the policy was comprised of. 23 Through globalisation the world can look upon itself and see that there are better methods of approaching problems.Profit can not constantly exist if there is no planet to work from. The governments see this and pressure each other to turn out by a universal soul that there is a great need for sustainability. Powers are not decreased or removed but simply place into a different context where instead of the individual gain the overall gain should have more precedence. Both Canada and Australia have set example that industry and environment can exist together and it is the governments art to ensure that guidelines are set to allow enforcement take place.Globalisation can help environmental policy only if other countries have full understanding of the benefits and participate with means of improvement. The poorer nations need to be manoeuvre by the wealthy to prevent any further destruction on the rest resources that the planet contains. Global understanding and consensus will allow for countries to maintain their distinctiveness but allow for one common peculiarity to exist, a total appreciation of the divided home we call earth.

Morbid Obesity The Problem Health And Social Care Essay

obesity is a aesculapian status in which unnatural surplus fatten has accumu of lated in our original structure. obesity has reached pestiferous pro de stifforions in populations. Harmonizing to the nutrient and Agriculture Organization of the get together submit, 850 million populate worldwide were undernourished in the overaged ages between 1999 and 2005. Genes and unhealthy life mode do foregather a function in the development of corpulency. obesity be facial expressions associated with several comparatively common diseases such as diabetes, high smear pressure, bosom disease ( CVDs ) , and virtually malignant neoplastic diseases. So, I feel that is of import to hold an efficacious discussion that grass assist them recede freight for good. I am blending to discourse the a accomplishable solution for this job in this study.BMI = cant in Kilograms / Squ be of t t start ensembleness in metres. fleshiness-image001SoA A BMI = Kg / squ ar MS.orA A A BMI = fish ( pound ) * 703 / t all toldness ( inches ) 2BMI is indexed as fol low-pitcheds for referenceBMI A & lt 18.5 A = A Under system of pitchsBMIA 18.5 24.9 A =A Normal weightBMI A A 25 29.9 = A denseBMIA A 30 39.9 =A CorpulentBMIA A & gt 40 = A Severely obeseTable 1 form mass index ( BMI ) is the most(prenominal) simple and usable index to gauge organic structure fat. cloggy is the index quite a little argon being corpulent.hypertext designate communications protocol //www.obesity-cause-symptoms-treatment-cure.asp.htm ( 207 dustup )bmiComp representSimple_-1661997252_SmallGraph 1 Graph of BMI & gt 30kg/m2 by differents state for ages 15+ in 2005, harmonizing to the search made, the figure of people getting corpulency is add-on along the old ages in many another(prenominal) state.hypertext switch protocol //www.who.com/obesity/BMIBased on the graph, the preponderance of fleshiness is increase dramatically in all Europes and linked States. This observation is suppor t in the apply Obesity, etiology Assesement intervention and Pr nonethelesstion preface by Jack.H.Wilmore and edit by Ross E Andersen.( 308 words )A possible solutionAfter qualification some research, I gull instal that bariatric operating room is the most hard-hitting method in assisting those who argon distinguish fleshiness. in that respect atomic number 18 deuce types of bariatric procedure that are most common customs duty which are s countenance belt implement the volume of the skunk ( e.g. by adjustable stomachal stria and perpendicular style banded gastroplasty ) , which produces an earlier sense of repletion, and release downing the length of intestine that comes into contact with nutrient ( gastric beltway cognitive operation ) .Adjustable stomachic stria.MMPE_01NUT_06_01_eps inning 1 Laparoscopic Adjustable stomachic Banding ( LAGB )Restrictive processs 24 A silicone rotary is puting around the choke of the gage utilizing cardinal hole surgery. It so devising a little discharge and a trap transition into balance of tummy.No film change or stapling of tummy involve. It will cut down the tummy gap where the gorge and tummy image.The coat of gap can be adjusted or runled by increase and diminishing the volume of salty solution in military position it, through a port placed under the tegument.Patients usually can travel place later on 1 or 2 after surgery 22 . ( 485 words )Roux-en-Y stomachic beltway surgery.MMPE_01NUT_06_02_epsFigure 2 Laparoscopic Gastric BypassMalabsorptive processs 25 The tummy is divided and a little pouch which limits Calories is formed silmutaneously as the bulk of the tummy is sure of.A part of the little bowel is so divided and sewn to the freshly created little tummy pouch.It can be performed as the unfastened surgery or laparoscopic surgery 23 .Forty per centum are utilizing the toughened and 30 per centum are utilizing are utilizing the stigma By Dr. Mal Fobi top bariatric sawbone sActually, it is establish on the sawbones on taking the most discriminate type of bariatric surgery for the patient.( 592 words )Effectiveness OF Bariatric operationBariatric surgery is in force(p) in dainty fleshiness by lose their weight. It in addition said choose less forking therefore do it most suited as a intervention.I do nt desire to be chesty, but I popularized the fleshiness surgery in America By Dr Mal Fobi top bariatric sawbonesFigure 3 Singer actress Jennifer Holliday, weighing 340 lbs is shown in this 1982 file away exposure with the Tony award she won for her work in the Broadway knock Dreamgirls. In 1989 Dr. Fobi done beltway surgery on her and she befuddled 200 lbs until today she managed maintain her weight. 32 Graph 2 Shows decrease in organic structure mass index over discerp ( B ) and percent surplus weight unconnected over clip ( degree Celsius ) after laparoscopic duodenal switch and concurrent processs 31 .( 719 words )I shit arrange the eff ectivity of bariatric surgery establish on the research done in the 1995 in Florida. The research included 34 patients who had undergone either a stomachic beltway ( RYGBP ) ( N=30 ) or a perpendicular banded gastroplasty ( VBG ) ( N=4 ) . The mean follow up period was 6 old ages. The per centum weight exhalation ( % EWL ) was 66 % .When asked, most patients concord that if they had to make it over once more they would nevertheless two said they would non based on research done in Florida in 1995 32 . each(prenominal) the informations above are dependable beginnings since the informations are all in different beginnings but still shows close the same consequence in the effectivity of bariatric surgery. The writers of these beginnings are good known people that had done their research on bariatric surgery.Although, all the surveies showed the old ages that can be see out to day of the month likeness to now but this proven that the engineering in that clip is possible in get the better of fleshiness by surgery. Therefore, now we have advanced in engineering which makes surgery go more effectual in dainty fleshiness. For illustration, now we have laparoscopic technique instead than open surgery which minimize the cut on the tegument and complication during carry out the surgery.( 918 words )Social and economic deductionsSOCIAL EFFECTSWhen people are acquiring fleshiness it is really the beginning towards many disastrous diseases particularly cardiovascular disease ( CVDs ) . This may train to the unhealty society in a large figure. Since people acquiring disease from the consequence of fleshiness that can likely do a patient make love non capable to execute their day-to-day activities particularly go to work and do a big fill to their family lines and friends particularly their loved 1s. In the movie of play series Manjalara in TV3 which illustrates a teenage get out holding an fleshiness, it conveys the palpably existent hurting of household an d loved 1s. Sometimes she besides being humilliated by others particularly by some of her relations and friends. The surgery done do work-albeit with side effects-and she are acquiring better after that 2 .Furthermore people with fleshiness tend to acquire emphasis when they are strive to cut down their weight. Some of them try many medical specialties including pills, herb teas, and even concluding manner by non consume or others likes holding binge-eating syndrome and aneroxia nervosa syndrome of fearing acquiring weight addition that cause an sinister effects in their wellness. Some of Herbal weight privation pills are non regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. So there are no limitations to go around adventureous and unsafe herbal tea weight loss pills in the market 3 .Economic EffectsMedical costs associated with corpulence and fleshiness may instill direct and indirect costs ( Wolf and Colditz, 1998 Wolf, 1998 ) . discipline medical costs may include preve ntative, diagnostic, and intervention serve preserved to fleshiness. Indirect costs relate to morbidity and mortality costs. Morbidity costs are defined as the value of income lost from lessen productiveness, restricted act, absenteeism, and bed yearss. Mortality costs are the value of future income lost by wrong decease 4 . Corpulent air riders prerequisite the offering of wider seatsA in the aircraft. A survey reveals that corpulent riders are bing air hoses and other clients an estimated $ 75,000,000 US dollars a twelvemonth 3 ( 1242 words )Benefits and hazardsSurgeryOne survey of bariatric surgery, found a weight loss of between 14 % and 25 % ( depending on the type of process performed ) at 10A old ages, and a 29 % decrease in all cause mortality when compared to standard weight loss steps. A pronounced lessening in the hazard of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and malignant neoplastic disease has besides been found after bariatric surgery. mark weight loss occurs during the first few months after surgery, and the loss is sustained in the long term. The most common perioperative complication is wound infection ( in approximately 3 % ) the most common late complication is anastomotic tummy stricture ( in approximately 5 % ) . Patients should be monitored each 4 to 6 hebdomad while weight loss is rapid ( normally about the first 6 minute after surgery ) , so every 6 to 12 minute. Weight and BP are checked, and eating wonts are reviewed 8 .( 1472 words )Type of analyseGastric BypassGastric Band time of processs1 4 hours0.5 2 hoursLength of xxiv hours2-3 hoursA 1 2 yearssPostoperative addendumsMVI, Fe, CaMVI, CaEstimated weight loss50-75 % EBW40 60 % EBWSide effectsDumping syndromeVomiting piteous term complicationsDVT/PE, anastomotic escape, pouch escape, GI bleedDVT / PE, port-site infection, esophageal perforationLong term complicationsGasterojejunostomy stricture, Fe lack anemia, Ca lack, B12 lack, fringy ulcer, internal he rniaset slip summon, spin escape, eroding into stomach/esophagus, pouch expansion, device infectionMortality rate0-1 %0-1 %Table 2 Comparison between Gastric beltway and Gastric set ( bariatric surgery )hypertext change protocol //www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php? article_id=638Alternate solutions1.Anti-Obesity Drugs/MedicationBesides surgery medicines, medical specialty besides can be utile to direct fleshiness. Most weight-loss medicines are appetite-suppressant medicines. Appetite-suppressant medicines promote weight loss by diminishing appetency or increasing the feeling of being full. These medicines decrease appetite by increasing 5-hydroxytryptamine or catecholamine two mental capacity chemicals that affect temper and appetite 13 . There are two types of drug intervention which are individual drug intervention and combined drug intervention.GENERIC NameTrade NAME ( S )PhentermineAdipex-P, Fastin, Ionamin, Oby-trimSibutramineMeridiaTable 3 prescription drug We ight-Loss Medication, illustration of drug intervention ap turn up by the U.SFoodAndDrugAdminstration ( FDA ) for short term and long term usage.hypertext assign protocol //www.athealth.com/prescription medical specialties.htmlProactol is one of the impudently drug which is clinically proved and recommended by the professional.( 1612 words )It is hence encouraging to see that a switch like Proactola? offers a healthy manner of doing it easier to constitute charge of your weight and eating wonts. It besides upset toing issues beyond weight direction, such as channelize downing cholesterin and equilibrating blood glucose fluctuations. ( Dr. J GruenWald had to state about Proactola? )clinical_studyGraph 3 The graph shows how the proactol work to bandage the fat.hypertext take away protocol //www.proactol.comProactol drugs can adhere up to 28 % of our day-to-day fat consumption, visit blood cholestrol and actas of course supressing your appetency. Proactol drugs have been tr ial and passes all of the guidelines set by the EU Directive ( MDD/93/42/EEC ) . It is c % side effects detached 14 .2.Screening procedureNowadays we have dedicated pysicians, dieticians, physical therapist to assist those who have obesity by talk to those who are expert.Initial interrogatory procedure includeIndividual audiences with our medical studentsNutrition reding including anthropometric informations assemblage and organic structure fat judgmentBehavioral alteration therapy ( 1768 words )Physical body process guidance and exercising prescription 5 In order to contend and get the better of fleshiness one should non contend and stand entirely since they pick out support and aid from others.3.Social theraphySocial therapy is the therapy that involved the action interpreted by household, authorities and society in overcome this job either among themselves or others.What are you making about the environment?The city manager has sketch a program to hold a special K wi thin a 10-minute walk of all brisk York City occupants. This is portion of an attempt to make an even more walkable and bicycle-friendly metropolis.( New York City and the Public health Interview with Thomas R. Frieden, M.D. , M.P.H.Commissioner of the New York City segment of Health and Mental HygieneInterviewed by Xavier Pi-Sunyer, M.D. ) 6 .Prof Anthony R. Leeds For each kilogramme of weight lost, there is some metabolousally active thin tissue lost with it.( 1919 words )LocationStairss to Help Prevent and Decrease Overweight and ObesityHomeReduce clip spent watching beam and in other sedentary behavioursBuild physical activity into regular modus operandisSchoolsEnsure that the school breakfastand tiffin plans meet nutrition criterionsSupply nutrient options that are low in fat, Calories, and added sugarsWork ready more chances for physical activity at work sitesCommunityPromote healthier picks including at least 5 helpings of fruits and veggies a twenty-four hours, and s ensible part sizesCreate chances for physical activity in communitiesTable 4 Stairss to assist prevent and overcome fleshiness in different topographic points. 4,7 ( 2026 words )3. Using Devicess palm tree runing system and pouchPC 2003 Treat overweight and fleshiness harmonizing to the clinical Guidelines on Overweight and Obesity in Adults with this free synergistic plan for usage on manage runing system and releasePC 2003 devices of your manus that allows you to instantly bring onward individualised and evidence-based appraisal and intervention recommendations for each patient at the point-of-care that mention to the Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults the Evidence reveal and the Practical Guide to the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults 9 . Features include Body caboodle Index computation, appraisal of cardiovascular disease hazard factors, and finding of dema nd for intervention. ( Palm OS devive and Pocket Personal computer 2003, National Heart Lung and line of merchandise Institute ) .PDA imagesFigure 4 Palm OS devive and Pocket Personal computer 2003, National Heart Lung and tide ripInstitute( 2174 words )EvaluationProactol have been found to cut down fleshiness efficaciously since it is clinically proved and 100 % side effects free based on the mention hypertext deportation protocol //www.proactol.com/side effects or are at that place practol side effects.htm. It besides been recomended by many physician and dietitions therefore make it a dependable beginnings. It besides shows equal reviewed consequences and certified by many authorities such as UK vegetarian society and France ECOcert SAS.I have besides found the other beginnings ( Win control information web ( WIN ) coaction with topic installs of wellness and U.S section of wellness and human services and besides information services of national institute of diabetes and di gestive and kidney diseases ( NIDDK ) .prescription.htm ) . This web gives the information about the side effects of drugs taken. It explain about the usage of tag and which drugs are aprroved by nutrient and drug adminstration. It is a dependable beginnings since the information are from national and many other administrations.( 2331 words )BibiliographyWebsitehypertext transpose protocol // hypertext transfer protocol //www.obesitytherapy, /a turning job for United Kingdom populations.html, herbal weight loss pills.htm, not medical consequences.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.CDC.gov Centre for unhealthiness Control and Prevention/economic consequences.htmSime Darby Healthcare.com/Obesity_Clinic.aspx.htmThe Expert Weighs In New York City and the Public Health/October 2007 Obesity Management DOI 10.1089/obe.2007.0063Obesity treatment.htmFleshiness and metabolic syndrom Merck Manual Home Edition.htmlNHLBI Health Information lucre at NHLBIInfo nhlbi.nih.govwww.obesity-cause -symptoms-treatment-cure.asp.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.WHO/obesityandaverweight.index.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.wikipedia.com/obesity.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.athealth.com/prescription medicines.htmlProactol % 20Side % 20Effects.htmFleshiness and corpulence for professional informations and statistics U.S fleshiness tendenciesGenomicss, resources, diseases, fleshiness editorial.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.obesitypanacea.com obesity.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.obesitystockphotoimages.com free fleshiness pictures.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.wikipedia.com/obesity.htm10 Healthy fast Tips Obesity Therapy.htmGood primary attention is the fleshiness medicine.htm foreign diary of fleshiness 10 Healthy Dieting Tips _ Obesity Therapy.htmA 2009 Nature make Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.spouse of AGORA, HINARI, OARE, INASP, CrossRef and COUNTERhypertext transfer protocol //patentdocs.com ut ilizations of egfr inhibitors to forestall or handle fleshinesshypertext transfer protocol //www.weightlosssurgerymalaysia.com/weight-loss-surgery-laparoscopic-adjustable-gastric-banding-sleeve-gastrectomy-gastric-bypass-laparoscopic-bilio-pancreatic-dhypertext transfer protocol //www.umm.edu/weightloss/roueny.htmHeisler, J 2009. What is The LapBand Weight Loss Surgery. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.surgery.about.com/od/proceduresaz/a/AdjGastrBanding.htm.Heisler, J 2009. Understanding Gastric Bypass Weight loss Surgery. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.surgery.about.com/od/proceduresaz/a/RouxEnYWLS.htm.TelevisionMedia Prima telecasting web in Malaysia ( TV3 play series MANJALARA ) , showed in 7 Mei 2007 with 75 episodes directed by Khabir Bhatia.BooksPearson instruction limited 2008, edexcel AS biological science. international edition, Campbell, reece, 6th edition publish by pearson instruction.Fleshiness, Etiology Assesement Treatment and Prevent ion preface by Jack.H.Wilmore and edited by Ross E Andersen, right of first issue by Human Kinetics Publishers in 2003Surgery A basic scientific discipline and clinical grounds, by Jeffrey A. Norton, A Philip S. Barie, A R. Randal Bollinger, publish by Springer in 2008 ( 2nd edition )Fleshiness surgery Principle and pattern by Cid Potombo 417 scalawags on page 385 article written by Robert A. Rabkin, MD, FACS, print by Mc Graw Hill Professional 2008.Laparoscopic bariatric surgery volume 1 by William B. Inabnet, Eric J. de Maria, Sayeed Ikramuddin,333 pages on page 300, published by Lippincot Williams and Wilkins 2004.Magazines33. JET,15 Dec 2003,64 pages vol 104 No 25, page 33-34, Surgeon Dr Mal Fobi Revolutionizes Weight Loss Surgery with Fobi firing Operation for Obesity , published by Johnson Publishing Company